Practical smart contract sharding with ownership and commutativity analysis
Practical smart contract sharding with ownership and commutativity analysis
复制标题
具有所有权和交换性分析的实用智能合约分片
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ilya Sergey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
George Pîrlea;Amrit Kumar;Ilya Sergey
分片是一种在区块链协议中实现可扩展性的流行方法，通过将交易验证器划分为多个较小的委员会来增加吞吐量，从而拆分工作负载。然而，现有的区块链分片方法在并发交易改变相同的复制状态组件时无法很好地扩展-这是以太坊风格智能合约中的常见情况。我们提出了一种新的方法来有效地分片这样的交易。它基于一个民间传说的想法：状态操纵原子操作，可以并行处理，其累积结果被确定性地定义，而执行非交换操作需要拥有它们改变的状态。我们提出了CoSplit-一个静态程序分析工具，它可以合理地推断智能合约的所有权和交换性摘要，并将这些摘要转换为区块链协议使用的分片签名，以最大限度地提高并行性。我们的评估表明，使用CoSplit对交易验证成本的开销可以忽略不计，而推断的签名允许系统在现实世界的智能合约中实现交易处理吞吐量的显着增加。
Sharding is a popular way to achieve scalability in blockchain protocols, increasing their throughput by partitioning the set of transaction validators into a number of smaller committees, splitting the workload. Existing approaches for blockchain sharding, however, do not scale well when concurrent transactions alter the same replicated state component—a common scenario in Ethereum-style smart contracts. We propose a novel approach for efficiently sharding such transactions. It is based on a folklore idea: state-manipulating atomic operations that commute can be processed in parallel, with their cumulative result defined deterministically, while executing non-commuting operations requires one to own the state they alter. We present CoSplit—a static program analysis tool that soundly infers ownership and commutativity summaries for smart contracts and translates those summaries to sharding signatures that are used by the blockchain protocol to maximise parallelism. Our evaluation shows that using CoSplit introduces negligible overhead to the transaction validation cost, while the inferred signatures allow the system to achieve a significant increase in transaction processing throughput for real-world smart contracts.
可合并的复制数据类型
影响因子：
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作者：
Kaki, Gowtham;Priya, Swarn;Sivaramakrishnan, KC;Jagannathan, Suresh
通讯作者：
Jagannathan, Suresh