Tiling mechanisms of the Drosophila compound eye through geometrical tessellation
Tiling mechanisms of the Drosophila compound eye through geometrical tessellation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.046
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发表时间：
2022-05-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Sato，Makoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayashi，Takashi;Tomomizu，Takeshi;Sato，Makoto
在许多生物结构中都可以观察到瓷砖图案。复眼是瓷砖的一个有趣的例子，通常由复眼的光学单位--小眼的六角形阵列构成。由于结构坚固性、最小边界长度和空间填充效率等机械限制，六角形瓷砖可能很常见。然而，一些昆虫表现出四角形的面1-4一些水生甲壳类动物，如虾和龙虾，已经进化成四角形面。5-8螳螂虾是一个有见地的例子，因为它的复眼有一个四边形的中带区域夹在六角形的半球之间。9，10这让人对六角形瓷砖由于机械稳定性而在自然界中反复出现的天真解释产生怀疑。同样，在一些果蝇的小眼睛突变体中也观察到了四角形的瓷砖图案，而野生型的眼睛是六角形的，这表明小眼瓷砖并不是简单地用这种机械限制来解释的。如果是，六角形和四角形图案在发育过程中是如何控制的？在这里，我们证明了几何镶嵌决定了小眼平铺图案。在小眼突变体中，随着相邻小眼的相对位置沿背腹轴拉伸，六边形图案转变为四边形图案。我们认为，小眼的规则分布及其均匀的生长共同对复眼四角形和六角形瓷砖图案的建立起着至关重要的作用。
Tiling patterns are observed in many biological structures. The compound eye is an interesting example of tiling and is often constructed by hexagonal arrays of ommatidia, the optical unit of the compound eye. Hexagonal tiling may be common due to mechanical restrictions such as structural robustness, minimal boundary length, and space-filling efficiency. However, some insects exhibit tetragonal facets.1–4Some aquatic crustaceans, such as shrimp and lobsters, have evolved with tetragonal facets.5–8Mantis shrimp is an insightful example as its compound eye has a tetragonal midband region sandwiched between hexagonal hemispheres.9,10This casts doubt on the naive explanation that hexagonal tiles recur in nature because of their mechanical stability. Similarly, tetragonal tiling patterns are also observed in someDrosophilasmall-eye mutants, whereas the wild-type eyes are hexagonal, suggesting that the ommatidial tiling is not simply explained by such mechanical restrictions. If so, how are the hexagonal and tetragonal patterns controlled during development? Here, we demonstrate that geometrical tessellation determines the ommatidial tiling patterns. In small-eye mutants, the hexagonal pattern is transformed into a tetragonal pattern as the relative positions of neighboring ommatidia are stretched along the dorsal-ventral axis. We propose that the regular distribution of ommatidia and their uniform growth collectively play an essential role in the establishment of tetragonal and hexagonal tiling patterns in compound eyes.