Age differences in Exposure and Reactivity to Interpersonal Tensions among Black and White Individuals across Adulthood.
Age differences in Exposure and Reactivity to Interpersonal Tensions among Black and White Individuals across Adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12552-011-9058-y
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3.1
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中科院分区：
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这项研究考察了美国白人和黑人在暴露和应对人际关系紧张方面的年龄差异。来自国家日常体验研究II的参与者(NSDE II，1696名白人和239名黑人；年龄34至84岁)报告了他们在8天内的日常人际关系紧张和幸福感(积极和消极影响)的经历，并提供了唾液皮质醇样本。共有40%的受访者报告有过争执，62%的受访者表示避免了争执。分别为黑人和白人受访者估计的多水平模型显示，年龄较大的人报告的人际关系紧张程度(即，接触较少)比年轻人少。然而，紧张反应的年龄差异(例如，评估、应对策略、紧张对情感和皮质醇的影响)因种族而异。尽管年长的黑人受访者报告称，紧张情绪的压力比年轻的黑人受访者要小，但总体来说，黑人受访者对紧张情绪的反应比白人受访者的年龄差异要小。研究结果与暴露反应模型和情绪调节的老年学理论相一致，但具体的年龄差异因种族而异，这可能表明白人和黑人之间独特的优势和弱点。
The present study examined age differences in exposure and reactivity to interpersonal tensions among White and Black Americans. Participants from the National Study of Daily Experiences II (NSDE II, n= 1696 White and n = 239 Black; ages 34 to 84) reported their experiences of daily interpersonal tensions and well-being (positive and negative affect) over 8 days and provided salivary cortisol samples. A total of 40% of respondents reported having an argument and 62% reported avoiding an argument. Multilevel models estimated separately for Black and White respondents revealed that older people reported fewer interpersonal tensions (i.e., less exposure) than did younger people. However, age differences in reactivity to tensions (e.g., appraisals, coping strategies, implications of tensions for affect and cortisol) varied by race. Although older Black respondents reported tensions were less stressful than younger Black respondents, there were fewer age difference in reactivity to tensions overall among Black respondents compared to White respondents. Findings are consistent with the exposure reactivity model and gerontological theories of emotion regulation but show that the specific age differences vary by race which may indicate unique strengths and vulnerabilities among Whites and Blacks.