Kinship in Britain and beyond from the early modern to the present: introduction
Kinship in Britain and beyond from the early modern to the present: introduction
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从近代早期到现在英国及其他地区的亲属关系：简介
作者：
Richard M. Smith;Naomi Tadmor
当代的社会和医学变化--例如离婚率和再婚率的上升、新生育技术的引入和寿命的延长--引发了关于亲属关系、自然和文化的公开辩论。与此同时，讲述亲属关系如何在现代化进程中衰落的“主人公叙事”在很大程度上遭到了历史学家的拒绝。但现在，强调亲属关系和家庭关系长期延续的“修正主义”论调也受到了质疑。因此，现在是重新讨论英国从早期到现代的亲属关系问题的合适时机。这一延续和变化的特殊问题最初是在2005年在剑桥举行的艾伦·麦克阿瑟研讨会“英国及500-2000年以后的亲情”上举行的讨论中产生的。研讨会由R.M.史密斯教授和Naomi TAdmor博士组织，并得到了英国科学院、经济史学会和剑桥人口和社会结构历史小组的大力支持。在这里考察了最初研讨会上强调的四个调查重点。第一个问题涉及亲属关系和人口统计学。亲属的可获得性和最普遍的类别随着时间的推移以及在不同的社会和年龄组之间有所不同。再婚的发生率、婚姻年龄的变化、世代长短，以及最近生育率下降、寿命延长和离婚率的增加，也影响了亲属的可获得性。这本书中的一些贡献专门研究了人们曾经经历过的亲缘关系的变化
Contemporary social and medical changes – such as the rising divorce rates and rates of subsequent remarriage, the introduction of new fertility techniques and rising longevity – trigger public debates about kinship, nature and culture. At the same time, ‘ the master narrative ’ telling how kinship declined in the course of modernization has been largely rejected by historians. Now, however, ‘ revisionist ’ arguments emphasizing longterm continuities in kinship and family ties are also being questioned. It is an appropriate time, therefore, to address anew the question of kinship in Britain from the early modern to the present. This special issue of Continuity and Change emerged from discussions initially held at the Ellen McArthur workshop ‘Kinship in Britain and Beyond 500–2000’, held in Cambridge in 2005. The workshop was organized by Professor R. M. Smith and Dr Naomi Tadmor and was kindly supported by the British Academy, the Economic History Society and the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. Four foci for investigation, highlighted at the original workshop, are examined here. The first concerns kinship and demography. The availability and the categories of kin most prevalent varied over time and among different social and age groups. The incidence of remarriage, changing marriage ages, generational lengths, and, more recently, lowered fertility, rising longevity, and the prevalence of divorce have also influenced kin availability. Some of the contributions in this volume specifically investigate the changing reservoirs of kin which people have been