Acute physical exercise improves shifting in adolescents at school: evidence for a dopaminergic contribution.
Acute physical exercise improves shifting in adolescents at school: evidence for a dopaminergic contribution.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00196
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Knecht S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berse T;Rolfes K;Barenberg J;Dutke S;Kuhlenbäumer G;Völker K;Winter B;Wittig M;Knecht S
在思维模式之间转换的执行功能需要认知灵活性。基于体育锻炼促进认知的证据，我们在一组未经选择的青少年样本中测试了急性体育锻炼是否可以改善转变。对遗传多态进行了分析，以更深入地了解可能起作用的神经生理过程。我们调查了297名年龄在13岁到17岁之间的在校学生。体育锻炼由使用自行车测功器的高强度递增锻炼条件和控制条件控制，其中控制条件包括在安静的情况下坐着看一部信息娱乐卡通片。条件的顺序在参与者之间得到了平衡。在两种情况下，通过转换任务对转换进行评估。剧烈的体育锻炼显著改善了换挡，这表明换挡成本降低了。通过针对多巴胺转运体(DAT1/SLCA6A3)基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)预测了运动诱导的切换成本的性能收益，表明大脑多巴胺系统参与了这一效应。结果表明，急性体育锻炼具有提高青少年认知灵活性的潜力。本方法的实地条件建议在学校中应用。
The executive function of shifting between mental sets demands cognitive flexibility. Based on evidence that physical exercise fostered cognition, we tested whether acute physical exercise can improve shifting in an unselected sample of adolescents. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed to gain more insight into possibly contributing neurophysiological processes. We examined 297 students aged between 13 and 17 years in their schools. Physical exercise was manipulated by an intense incremental exercise condition using bicycle ergometers and a control condition which involved watching an infotainment cartoon while sitting calm. The order of conditions was counterbalanced between participants. Shifting was assessed by a switching task after both conditions. Acute intense physical exercise significantly improved shifting as indicated by reduced switch costs. Exercise-induced performance gains in switch costs were predicted by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) targeting the Dopamine Transporter (DAT1/SLCA6A3) gene suggesting that the brain dopamine system contributed to the effect. The results demonstrate the potential of acute physical exercise to improve cognitive flexibility in adolescents. The field conditions of the present approach suggest applications in schools.