Beyond ICS: How Should We Govern Complex Disasters in the United States?
Beyond ICS: How Should We Govern Complex Disasters in the United States?
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DOI：
10.1515/jhsem-2018-0067
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Steelman, Toddi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nowell, Branda;Steelman, Toddi
大规模灾害的复杂性要求治理结构能够在往往混乱的情况下迅速整合众多应对者。复杂的灾难--从定义上讲--跨越多个管辖区，并激活了众多合法自治的公共、非营利和私人行为体执行的众多响应功能。事故指挥系统（ICS）的指挥操作结构是一个用于管理复杂事故的层次结构。复杂的灾害日益被视为多个行为体的网络。要提高我们应对大规模复杂灾害的能力，就需要超越“等级制与网络制”的辩论，了解治理结构在何种条件下能够最好地服务于救灾目标。了解我们国家政策工具和框架中所包含的治理结构的能力和局限性，可以提高我们在网络环境中有效治理的能力。在本文中，我们建议需要将重点转移到为混合和网络治理方法建立更大的能力上，包括更深入地了解这些治理形式最有效的条件。
The complexity of large-scale disasters requires governance structures that can integrate numerous responders quickly under often chaotic conditions. Complex disasters - by definition - span multiple jurisdictions and activate numerous response functions carried out by numerous legally autonomous public, nonprofit, and private actors. The command operating structure of the Incident Command System (ICS) is a hierarchical structure used to manage complex incidents. Increasingly, complex disasters are seen as networks of multiple actors. Improving our capacity to respond to large-scale, complex disasters requires moving beyond the "hierarchy versus networks" debate to understand the conditions under which governance structures can best serve disaster response goals. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of the governance structures embedded in our national policy tools and frameworks can enhance our ability to govern effectively in networked contexts. In this article, we suggest the need to shift focus to build greater capacity for hybrid and network governance approaches, including a more sophisticated understanding of the conditions under which these governance forms are most effective.