The gut microbiome and thromboembolism.
The gut microbiome and thromboembolism.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.thromres.2020.03.003
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Zia A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasan RA;Koh AY;Zia A
肠道微生物群在各种炎症条件下起着关键作用，其调节是治疗这些条件的一种潜在选择。肠道微生物群在血栓栓塞症发病机制中的作用尚未完全阐明。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物组与动脉和静脉血栓形成的发病机制有关的证据。在人类宿主中，潜在的致病细菌是人类肠道微生物群的正常居民，但数量远远超过共生厌氧细菌。静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)风险增加的几种疾病状态与肠道微生物群失衡有关，其特征是共生厌氧菌减少和病原菌丰度增加，其中最常见的是革兰氏阴性肠杆菌科(Entero)。细菌脂多糖(LPS)是革兰氏阴性菌外膜上的糖脂，是微生物群与高凝状态之间的纽带之一。内毒素与Toll样受体结合，激活内皮细胞和血小板，导致凝血级联反应的激活。微生物群中的细菌也可以代谢饮食中的化合物，产生重要的代谢物，如三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)。TMAO导致血小板高反应性，促进血栓形成，并与心血管疾病有关。调节肠道微生物群以针对内毒素和TMAO水平可能是降低血栓形成风险的一种创新方法。
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in various inflammatory conditions, and its modulation is a potential treatment option for these conditions. The role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of thromboembolism has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking the gut microbiome to the pathogenesis of arterial and venous thrombosis. In a human host, potentially pathogenic bacteria are normal residents of the human gut microbiome, but significantly outnumbered by commensal anaerobic bacteria. Several disease states with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are associated with an imbalance in the gut microbiome characterized by a decrease in commensal anaerobic bacteria and an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria of which the most common is the gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae (ENTERO) family. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the glycolipids found on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is one of the links between the microbiome and hypercoagulability. LPS binds to toll-like receptors to activate endothelial cells and platelets, leading to activation of the coagulation cascade. Bacteria in the microbiome can also metabolite compounds in the diet to produce important metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO causes platelet hyperreactivity, promotes thrombus formation and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Modulating the gut microbiome to target LPS and TMAO levels may be an innovative approach for decreasing the risk of thrombosis.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Cani, Patrice D.;Amar, Jacques;Burcelin, Remy
通讯作者：
Burcelin, Remy
影响因子：
20.3
作者：
Andonegui, G;Kerfoot, SM;Kubes, P
通讯作者：
Kubes, P
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1215689109
发表时间：
2012-12-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Craciun, Smaranda;Balskus, Emily P.
通讯作者：
Balskus, Emily P.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1000080107
发表时间：
2011-03-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Caporaso, J. Gregory;Lauber, Christian L.;Knight, Rob
通讯作者：
Knight, Rob
影响因子：
20.1
作者：
Dunzendorfer, S;Lee, HK;Tobias, PS
通讯作者：
Tobias, PS