The O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean Study
The O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean Study
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-16-0206.1
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Watt, Andrew S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stephens, Britton B.;Long, Matthew C.;Watt, Andrew S.
南大洋在全球气候系统中起着至关重要的作用，调节大气-海洋的热量和二氧化碳分配。然而，地球系统模型在南大洋明显存在缺陷，导致在气候变暖的情况下对未来海气CO2通量的预测存在很大的不确定性，对年际到地质时间尺度的自然变化的解释也不完整。在这里，我们描述了最近的飞机观测活动，O-2/N-2比率和CO2空中南大洋（ORCAS）研究，该研究收集了2016年1月和2月期间南大洋的测量结果。ORCAS活动的主要研究目标是改善对大气二氧化碳和氧气与南大洋季节性交换的观测限制。该活动还包括测量人为和海洋生物源活性气体;海洋表面的高分辨率、高光谱海洋颜色成像;以及与理解和模拟云过程有关的微物理数据。在ORCAS项目的每一个组成部分中，该运动都大大增加了这一偏远地区的观测数据量。基于这些观测结果的持续研究将有助于推进我们对这个气候重要系统的理解，包括碳循环，大气化学和运输以及云物理学等一系列主题。本文概述了ORCAS项目的科学和方法学方面，并强调了早期的发现。
The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by mediating atmosphere-ocean partitioning of heat and carbon dioxide. However, Earth system models are demonstrably deficient in the Southern Ocean, leading to large uncertainties in future air-sea CO2 flux projections under climate warming and incomplete interpretations of natural variability on interannual to geologic time scales. Here, we describe a recent aircraft observational campaign, the O-2/N-2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean (ORCAS) study, which collected measurements over the Southern Ocean during January and February 2016. The primary research objective of the ORCAS campaign was to improve observational constraints on the seasonal exchange of atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen with the Southern Ocean. The campaign also included measurements of anthropogenic and marine biogenic reactive gases; high-resolution, hyperspectral ocean color imaging of the ocean surface; and microphysical data relevant for understanding and modeling cloud processes. In each of these components of the ORCAS project, the campaign has significantly expanded the amount of observational data available for this remote region. Ongoing research based on these observations will contribute to advancing our understanding of this climatically important system across a range of topics including carbon cycling, atmospheric chemistry and transport, and cloud physics. This article presents an overview of the scientific and methodological aspects of the ORCAS project and highlights early findings.