Team and individual performances on a motor learning task.
Team and individual performances on a motor learning task.
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运动学习任务中的团队和个人表现。
DOI：
10.1080/00221309.1956.9920301
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发表时间：
1956
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. Zeaman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Wegner;D. Zeaman
我们已经调整了普通的追逐旋翼任务，以调查团队和个人的表现。不同数量的受试者有一个共同的任务，即同时引导一个触针追踪目标。这样就创造了一种社会环境，在这种环境中，团队成员必须像一种聚合有机体一样在同一任务上密切合作。定义磨牙（保持触针对目标），任务是相同的，要求个人单独执行。我们选择追踪旋翼作为研究组合受试者影响的任务，是出于两个考虑。第一，关于个人在这项任务上的表现，存在着一套知识。第二，小组追逐任务可能代表了更广泛的社会情境，在这种情境中，许多受试者必须同时使用一个单一的操纵器来实现一个共同的、期望的结果。日常生活中这种安排的例子可能包括用于训练目的的双控制汽车和飞机，两把锯，双人自行车，也许还有跷跷板。当然，在群体追踪任务所提供的复杂社会情境中，有各种各样的因素，既有明显的，也有微妙的。我们已经通过操纵一些明显的变量开始了我们的实验分析，并计划继续一些更微妙的。为了说明在我们的情况下可能运作的复杂性，我们列出了一些不同的一般类别，在这些类别下，我们的聚合有机体的行为可以被分类。可能出现以下情况：合作，社会促进，指导，领导，解决小组问题，沟通，以及学习和转移。由于这些分类的结果，哪些心理学规律和经验发现与我们的研究相关，我们将在介绍我们的结果之后加以考虑。在这项初步研究中，我们选择了两个简单的自变量：
We have adapted the ordinary pursuit rotor task for investigation of the performance of teams as well as individuals. Varying numbers of subjects have the common task of simultaneously guiding a single stylus in pursuit of the target. There is thus created a social situation in which team members must coijperate closely as a kind of aggregate organism on the same task. Defined molarly (keep the stylus on the target), the task is identical to that required of the individual performing alone. Our choice of the pursuit rotor as a task on which to study the effects of combining subjects was dictated by two considerations. First, a body of knowledge exists concerning the performance of individuals on this task. Secondly, it was judged that the group pursuit task might be representative of a wider class of social situations in which a number of subjects must simultaneously use a single manipulandum to achieve a common, desired result. Examples of such arrangements from everyday life might include dual-control automobiles and airplanes used for training purposes, the two-handled saw, the tandem bicycle, and perhaps the see-saw. There is of course a variety of factors, both obvious and subtle, which may operate in the complex social situation provided by the group pursuit task. We have started our experimental analysis by manipulating a few of the obvious variables, and plan to continue with some of the more subtle. T o illustrate the complexities possibly operating in our situation, we Iist some of the diverse general categories under which the behavior of our aggregate organisms may be classified. The following are likely: cotiperation, social facilitation, guidance, leadership, group problem solving, communication, as well as learning and transfer. What psychological laws and empirical findings become relevant to our study as a result of some of these classifications we shall consider after presentation of our results. For this initial study we have chosen two simple independent variables: the number of individuals