Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability
Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.013
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Brown, George G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brussaard, Lijbert;de Ruiter, Peter C.;Brown, George G.
我们批判性地强调了土壤生物多样性对维持（农业）生态系统功能的重要性的一些证据，并探讨了未来研究的方向。我们首先讨论对非生物干扰和压力的抵抗力和恢复力。有证据表明，土壤生物多样性确实赋予了压力和干扰的稳定性，但其机制尚未完全了解。它似乎取决于压力和干扰的种类以及压力和干扰效应的组合。另外，社区结构也可能发挥作用。这两种可能的解释将指导进一步的研究。然后我们讨论生物压力。有证据表明，土壤微生物多样性可以防止土壤传播的疾病，但作物和土壤类型以及管理也发挥作用。它们的相对重要性以及生物多样性在多营养相互作用中的作用值得进一步研究。因此，我们专注于植物和土壤生物多样性对养分和水分利用效率的影响，作为农业生态系统中重要的生态功能。现有的证据表明，菌根多样性积极有助于养分，并可能，水分利用效率。土壤动物对养分和水分利用效率的影响也很明显，但多样性的影响可能是间接的，通过对土壤结构的影响。我们提出了一个概念图，植物和土壤生物多样性与土壤结构和水和养分的利用效率作为未来研究的框架。然后，我们考虑种植制度的设计和管理是如何相互关联的，以及如何管理选项可能会与农民的知识，在采取管理决策。最后，我们试图表达土壤生物多样性对社会的一些经济效益，作为保护和利用农业生物多样性的更广泛战略的一部分。(c)2006 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
We critically highlight some evidence for the importance of soil biodiversity to sustaining (agro-)ecosystem functioning and explore directions for future research. We first deal with resistance and resilience against abiotic disturbance and stress. There is evidence that soil biodiversity does confer stability to stress and disturbance, but the mechanism is not yet fully understood. It appears to depend on the kind of stress and disturbance and on the combination of stress and disturbance effects. Alternatively, community structure may play a role. Both possible explanations will guide further research. We then discuss biotic stress. There is evidence that soil microbial diversity confers protection against soil-borne disease, but crop and soil type and management also play a role. Their relative importance as well as the role of biodiversity in multitrophic interactions warrant further study. Henceforth, we focus on the effects of plant and soil biodiversity on nutrient and water use efficiencies as important ecological functions in agroecosystems. The available evidence suggests that mycorrhizal diversity positively contributes to nutrient and, possibly, water use efficiency. Soil fauna effects on nutrient and water use efficiencies are also apparent, but diversity effects may be indirect, through effects on soil structure. We present a conceptual diagram relating plant and soil biodiversity with soil structure and water and nutrient use efficiencies as a framework for future studies. We then consider how cropping systems design and management are interrelated and how management options might be interfaced with farmers' knowledge in taking management decisions. Finally, we attempt to express some economic benefits of soil biodiversity to society as part of a wider strategy of conserving and using agrobiodiversity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.