Effects of crystalline amino acid supplementation to the diet on odor from pig manure.
Effects of crystalline amino acid supplementation to the diet on odor from pig manure.
复制标题
日粮中添加结晶氨基酸对猪粪气味的影响。
DOI：
10.2527/jas.2006-644
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Verstegen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Le;A. Aarnink;A. Jongbloed;C. M. C. van der Peet Schwering;N. Ogink;M. Verstegen
本研究的目的是确定饲粮中添加特定结晶AA对猪粪气味释放、气味强度、气味愉悦性和氨释放的影响，以及对粪便特性（pH、氨氮、总氮、硫、吲哚和酚类化合物以及VFA浓度）的影响。试验选用生长猪18头，采用完全随机区组设计，在6个区组中设置3个处理。处理组为(1)15%-CP基础饲粮，添加3倍于饲粮的含硫AA （14.2 g/kg，按饲粮水平计算）；(2)基础饲粮中色氨酸和苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸的需用量为基础饲粮的2倍，分别为2.9和20.4 g/kg；(3)在基础饲粮中添加足以获得最大蛋白质增重的AA。初始体重为41.2 +/- 0.8 kg的猪被单独圈养在部分板条的地板猪圈中，每天给予2.8倍于维持所需的NE （293 kJ/kg体重（0.75））的饲料补贴。饲料与水按1:25 （wt/wt）混合。每头猪的粪便和尿液被允许在板条地板下单独的粪坑中积累。经过2周的适应期，并在清理粪坑后，随后收集粪便。在收集期的第5周，直接从每个粪坑中单独收集样品进行气味、氨和粪便成分分析。分析空气样本的气味浓度，以及气味检测阈值以上的愉悦音调和气味强度。结果表明，过量添加含s晶AA增加了粪坑上方空气的气味释放量（P < 0.001）和气味强度（P < 0.05），降低了粪坑上方空气的气味愉悦度（P < 0.05）。补充超过推荐要求的结晶色氨酸、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸不会影响气味释放、气味强度或气味愉悦基调。无论饲粮处理如何，所有猪的生产性能水平相似。饲粮添加不同水平AA对猪粪氨排放量无显著影响（P = 0.20）。为了减少猪粪产生的臭味，应尽量减少饲粮中含s - AA的含量，使其刚好满足推荐需水量。
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of specific crystalline AA supplementation to a diet on odor emission, odor intensity, odor hedonic tone, and ammonia emission from pig manure, and on manure characteristics (pH; ammonia N; total nitrogen; sulfurous, indolic, and phenolic compounds; and VFA concentrations). An experiment was conducted with growing pigs (n = 18) in a randomized complete block design, with 3 treatments in 6 blocks. Treatment groups were (1) a 15%-CP basal diet with 3 times the requirement of sulfur-containing AA (14.2 g/kg of diet, as-fed basis); (2) the basal diet with 2 times the requirement of Trp and Phe+Tyr (2.9 and 20.4 g/kg of diet, respectively, as-fed basis); and (3) the basal diet with AA supplementation to levels sufficient for maximum protein gain. Pigs with an initial BW of 41.2 +/- 0.8 kg were individually penned in partly slatted floor pens and offered a daily feed allowance of 2.8 times the maintenance requirement for NE (293 kJ/kg of BW(0.75)). Feed was mixed with water at 1:2.5 (wt/wt). Feces and urine of each pig was allowed to accumulate in separate manure pits under the slatted floor. After an adaptation period of 2 wk, and after cleaning the manure pits, manure was subsequently collected. In wk 5 of the collection period, separate samples were collected directly from each manure pit for odor, ammonia, and manure composition analyses. Air samples were analyzed for odor concentration and for hedonic tone and odor intensity above the odor detection threshold. Results showed that supplementing crystalline S-containing AA in surplus of the requirement increased odor emission (P < 0.001) and odor intensity (P < 0.05) and reduced odor hedonic tone (P < 0.05) from the air above the manure pits. Supplementing crystalline Trp, Tyr, and Phe in surplus of the recommended requirements did not affect odor emission, odor intensity, or odor hedonic tone. Regardless of dietary treatment, all pigs had similar performance levels. No differences were observed in ammonia emission from manure of pigs fed different levels of AA supplementation (P = 0.20). To reduce odor from pig manure, dietary S-containing AA should be minimized to just meet the recommended requirements.