Bridging the physical scales in evolutionary biology: from protein sequence space to fitness of organisms and populations.
Bridging the physical scales in evolutionary biology: from protein sequence space to fitness of organisms and populations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sbi.2016.10.013
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Shakhnovich EI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bershtein S;Serohijos AW;Shakhnovich EI
弥合蛋白质分子特性和生物/种群适合度之间的差距对于理解进化过程至关重要。这项任务需要将生物组织的几个物理尺度整合到一个单一的统一模型中，每个尺度都由一组不同的机制和约束定义。分子尺度主要受蛋白质及其底物的物理化学性质的制约，这会引起突变的权衡和上位性(非加性)效应。在系统层面上，生物网络调节蛋白质的表达，可以缓冲或增强突变的适合性效应。种群规模受到突变输入、选择机制以及影响种群规模和结构的随机变化的影响，这些变化最终决定了突变的进化命运。在这里，我们总结了理论、计算机模拟和实验方面的最新进展，这些进展促进了我们对生物学中不同物理尺度之间的联系的理解。
Bridging the gap between the molecular properties of proteins and organismal/population fitness is essential for understanding evolutionary processes. This task requires the integration of the several physical scales of biological organization, each defined by a distinct set of mechanisms and constraints, into a single unifying model. The molecular scale is dominated by the constraints imposed by the physico-chemical properties of proteins and their substrates, which give rise to trade-offs and epistatic (non-additive) effects of mutations. At the systems scale, biological networks modulate protein expression and can either buffer or enhance the fitness effects of mutations. The population scale is influenced by the mutational input, selection regimes, and stochastic changes affecting the size and structure of populations, which eventually determine the evolutionary fate of mutations. Here, we summarize the recent advances in theory, computer simulations, and experiments that advance our understanding of the links between various physical scales in biology.