Individual differences in working memory capacity and divided attention in dichotic listening
Individual differences in working memory capacity and divided attention in dichotic listening
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196824
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Conway, Andrew R. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colflesh, Gregory J. H.;Conway, Andrew R. A.
工作记忆的控制注意理论认为，具有较大工作记忆容量（WMC）的个体比具有较小工作记忆容量的个体更能够控制或集中注意力。这种关系已经在一些选择性注意范式中观察到，包括双耳分听任务（Conway，科万，& Bunting，2001），其中参与者被要求对一只耳朵呈现的单词进行阴影，并忽略呈现给另一只耳朵的单词。Conway等人发现，当参与者的名字被呈现给被忽略的耳朵时，65%的低WMC参与者报告听到了他们的名字，而只有20%的高WMC参与者，这表明高WMC参与者的选择性注意力更强。在本研究中，个体差异的注意分工进行了检查，在一个两分听任务中，参与者的阴影一个消息，并听取了自己的名字在另一个消息。在这里，我们发现66.7%的高WMC参与者和34.5%的低WMC参与者发现了自己的名字。这些结果表明，随着WMC能力的增加，控制注意力焦点的能力也在增加，高WMC参与者能够根据任务需求灵活地“放大”或“缩小”。
The controlled attention theory of working memory suggests that individuals with greater working memory capacity (WMC) are better able to control or focus their attention than individuals with lesser WMC. This relationship has been observed in a number of selective attention paradigms including a dichotic listening task (Conway, Cowan, & Bunting, 2001) in which participants were required to shadow words presented to one ear and ignore words presented to the other ear. Conway et al. found that when the participant's name was presented to the ignored ear, 65% of participants with low WMC reported hearing their name, compared to only 20% of participants with high WMC, suggesting greater selective attention on the part of high WMC participants. In the present study, individual differences in divided attention were examined in a dichotic listening task, in which participants shadowed one message and listened for their own name in the other message. Here we find that 66.7% of high WMC and 34.5% of low WMC participants detected their name. These results suggest that as WMC capacity increases, so does the ability to control the focus of attention, with high WMC participants being able to flexibly "zoom in" or "zoom out" depending on task demands.