Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus
Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-64029-w
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发表时间：
2020-05-04
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Alexander, Sprygin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aleksandr, Kononov;Olga, Byadovskaya;Alexander, Sprygin
近年来，由于疾病的快速传播和高度影响，尤其是在东欧和巴尔干国家，块状皮肤病病毒(LSDV)的传播推动了密集的研究工作。在这项研究中，我们对疫苗衍生的重组LSDV毒株(Saratov/2017)进行了实验评估，并为病毒在无媒介环境中的传播能力提供了坚实的证据。在为期60天的实验中，我们使用了接种公牛(IN组)和两组接触动物(C1和C2)，前者(C1)在试验开始时与接种动物接触，后者(C2)在试验第33天引入。两组接触动物的感染都得到了临床、血清学和病毒学的证实，并利用分子工具在血液、鼻腔和眼睛的排泄物中证实了病毒血症。进一步研究LSDV生物学是为了深入了解本研究中证明的假设的间接接触模式是一种从头开始的特征，从所用的新型(重组)LSDV分离株的两个亲本菌株中缺失，还是它是休眠的，但随后被基因重组过程解锁。作者摘要：在全球范围内，LSD被称为一种“被忽视的疾病”，因为它在历史上自然发生，仅限于非洲，偶尔还限于以色列。然而，这种疾病在整个中东缓慢传播后，随着最近迅速传播到更北部的纬度，现在又重新引起了人们的研究兴趣。鉴于缺乏关于潜在传播机制的可靠发现，目前没有有效或可靠的控制计划，不涉及使用减毒活疫苗或废除政策--这两者在非流行地区或国家的实施都存在争议。媒介传播模式是目前可用的唯一可行的概念，但几乎没有证据支持这种向北的侵略性传播--除了人类辅助传播，包括合法或非法的动物运输。疫情的出现并不总是与天气条件有关，有可能发生新的疫情并迅速传播。在这里，我们第一次提供了从野外分离的自然发生的重组LSDV的间接接触模式传播的证据。在一个防虫设施中，我们获得了新的LSDV毒株可以传递给接触动物的确凿证据。鉴于所利用病毒的重组性质，需要描述其与研究中观察到的传播模式有关的遗传背景。
The transmission of "lumpy skin disease virus" (LSDV) has prompted intensive research efforts due to the rapid spread and high impact of the disease in recent years, especially in Eastern Europe and Balkan countries. In this study, we experimentally evaluate the vaccine-derived virulent recombinant LSDV strain (Saratov/2017) and provide solid evidence on the capacity of the virus for transmission in a vector-proof environment. In the 60-day long experiment, we used inoculated bulls (IN group) and two groups of in-contact animals (C1 and C2), with the former (C1) being in contact with the inoculated animals at the onset of the trial and the latter (C2) being introduced at day 33 of the experiment. The infection in both groups of contact animals was confirmed clinically, serologically and virologically, and viremia was demonstrated in blood, nasal and ocular excretions, using molecular tools. Further studies into LSDV biology are a priority to gain insights into whether the hypothesized indirect contact mode evidenced in this study is a de novo-created feature, absent from both parental stains of the novel (recombinant) LSDV isolate used, or whether it was dormant, but then unlocked by the process of genetic recombination. Author summary: In global terms, LSD has been termed a "neglected disease" due to its historic natural occurrence of being restricted to Africa and, occasionally, Israel. However, after its slow spread throughout the Middle East, the disease is now experiencing a resurgence of research interest following a recent and rapid spread into more northern latitudes. Given the dearth of solid findings on potential transmission mechanisms, no efficient or reliable control program currently exists, which does not involve the use of live attenuated vaccines or stamping out policies - both of which are controversial for implementation in non-endemic regions or countries. The vector-borne mode is the only working concept currently available, but with scarce evidence to support the aggressive spread northwards - except for human-assisted spread, including legal or illegal animal transportation. The emergence of outbreaks is not consistently linked to weather conditions, with the potential for new outbreaks to occur and spread rapidly. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence for indirect contact-mode transmission for a naturally-occurring recombinant LSDV isolated from the field. In an insect-proof facility, we obtained solid evidence that the novel LSDV strain can pass to in-contact animals. Given the recombinant nature of the virus utilised, its genetic background relating to the observed transmission pattern within the study needs to be delineated.