Towards Measuring Resilience of Low-Income Settlements in Cities: The Case of Mumbai
Towards Measuring Resilience of Low-Income Settlements in Cities: The Case of Mumbai
复制标题
衡量城市低收入住区的复原力：孟买的案例
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-32-9339-7_14
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Janki Andharia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vikas Lakhani;Janki Andharia
应对不同种类和严重程度的风险、冲击、压力或环境变化需要不同层面的复原力。如何评估、衡量或绘制复原力的地图，尚未得到充分探讨。本文基于对孟买市五个易受灾害影响的低收入住区进行的研究。它提出了一种使用概念框架衡量复原力的方法或办法，这有助于确定指标。该文件还提供了一个建设的韧性，这带来了一些挑战的批评。复原力和应对方式的程度和模式的变化是几个因素的函数。虽然人们普遍认为，一个具有抗灾能力的社区是一个能够防备、适应和度过冲击，同时保持其基本资产的社区，但使社区具有抗灾能力的标准因地而异。这一概念的含义必须在地方一级加以调整，并转化为每个社区的具体指标。理想的情况是，必须具体说明社区或家庭的具体情况、斗争和可供选择的办法，以便落实复原力概念。关于如何通过改善生活水平、社会基础设施、提高应对能力和投资于社会保障措施来提高复原力的想法非常重要，尤其是在城市较贫穷的住区。通过提出衡量复原力的方法，文件就如何确定迫切需要投资的领域提出了建议。
Different dimensions of resilience are needed to deal with different kinds and severities of risk, shock, stress or environmental change. How resilience can be assessed, measured or mapped has not been explored adequately. This paper is based on a study conducted in five disaster-prone low-income settlements of Mumbai city. It proposes a methodology or an approach to measure resilience using a conceptual framework, which helps identify indicators. The paper also offers a critique of the construct of resilience, which poses several challenges. Variations in extent and patterns of resilience and coping are a function of several factors. While it is generally agreed that a resilient community is one that is able to prepare for, adapt to and live through shocks, while preserving its basic assets, the criteria that make communities resilient differs from place to place. The meaning of the concept has to be adapted at local levels and translated into concrete, specific indicators for each community. Ideally, specific contexts, struggles and choices available to a community or a household must be specified in order to operationalize the concept of resilience. The idea of how resilience may be increased by improving standards of living, social infrastructure, enhancing coping capacities and investments in social protection measures is important especially in poorer settlements of cities. By proposing a methodology for measurement of resilience the paper suggests how areas where investments are needed on an urgent basis may be identified.