The context and quality of social relationships affect vigilance behaviour in wild chimpanzees
The context and quality of social relationships affect vigilance behaviour in wild chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01200.x
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kutsukake, Nobuyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kutsukake, Nobuyuki
以往对警戒行为的研究主要集中在捕食威胁的影响，而同类因素的影响，如组内威胁，是相对较少的研究。为了阐明同种因素的影响，本研究探讨了警觉行为的野生黑猩猩（黑猩猩schweinfurthii）在马哈尔山国家公园，坦桑尼亚。觅食期间的警戒水平低于休息期间，这表明警戒和觅食活动之间的冲突。此外，警戒水平更高时，黑猩猩在地面上遇到豹子（豹）可能比当黑猩猩在树上。男性，而不是女性，提高了他们的警惕性，随着3米以内的个体数量的增加。在男性和女性中，每日聚会规模-群体凝聚力的指数-并没有影响警惕水平。当一个依赖的婴儿与母亲分开时，母亲的警觉性水平高于当后代与母亲接触时。当一个不太相关的群体成员在附近时，男性和女性都提高了警惕，与附近没有不太相关的群体成员时相比。这一发现表明，在关系质量的变化影响的警惕性水平和个人需要提高警惕性的水平时，组内的威胁是高的。这项研究表明，警惕性的变化不能被理解，除非同种因素，如与联营公司的关系质量的变化，考虑。
Previous studies of vigilance behaviour have focused mainly on the influence of predation threat, whereas the influences of conspecific factors, such as within-group threats, are relatively unstudied. To elucidate the influences of conspecific factors, this study examined vigilance behaviour in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Vigilance level was lower during foraging than during resting, which indicated a conflict between vigilance and foraging activity. In addition, vigilance level was higher when chimpanzees were on the ground where an encounter with leopards (Panthera pardus) is likely than when the chimpanzees were in trees. Males, but not females, increased their level of vigilance as the number of individuals within 3 m increased. In both males and females, daily party size - an index of group cohesion - did not affect the vigilance level. The level of maternal vigilance was higher when a dependent infant was separated from its mother than when the offspring was in contact with its mother. Both males and females increased their vigilance when a less-associated group member was nearby, when compared with when there was no less-associated group member nearby. This finding suggests that variation in relationship quality influences the vigilance level and that individuals need to increase their level of vigilance when the level of within-group threats is high. This study indicated that variation in vigilance cannot be understood unless conspecific factors, such as variation in the relationship quality with associates, are considered.