Environmental Sensor Networks: A revolution in the earth system science?
Environmental Sensor Networks: A revolution in the earth system science?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.05.001
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
Martinez, Kirk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hart, Jane K.;Martinez, Kirk
环境传感器网络（ESN）促进了对基本过程的研究和灾害响应系统的开发。它们已经从需要手动下载的被动记录系统演变成“智能”传感器网络，该传感器网络包括自动传感器节点和通信系统的网络，这些传感器节点和通信系统主动将其数据传送到传感器网络服务器（SNS），在传感器网络服务器中，这些数据可以与其他环境数据集集成。传感器节点可以是固定的或移动的，并且在规模上适合于被感测的环境。ESN的范围在规模和功能，我们已经审查了50多个代表性的例子。大规模单功能网络倾向于使用大型单一目的节点来覆盖广泛的地理区域。本地化多功能传感器网络通常更详细地监控一个小区域，通常使用无线ad-hoc系统。生物传感器网络使用新兴的生物技术来监测环境过程，并开发可立即使用的代理。在未来，传感器网络将整合这三个元素（异构传感器网络）。通信系统和数据存储和集成（网络基础设施）方面的ESN的讨论，沿着当前的挑战，需要加以解决。我们认为，环境传感器网络将成为未来地球系统和环境科学的标准研究工具。它们不仅提供了与环境的“虚拟”联系，还允许开发新的领域和概念方法来研究环境过程。我们认为，虽然技术进步促进了这些变化，但地球系统和环境科学家利用它们至关重要。(c)2006 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Environmental Sensor Networks (ESNs) facilitate the study of fundamental processes and the development of hazard response systems. They have evolved from passive logging systems that require manual downloading, into 'intelligent' sensor networks that comprise a network of automatic sensor nodes and communications systems which actively communicate their data to a Sensor Network Server (SNS) where these data can be integrated with other environmental datasets. The sensor nodes can be fixed or mobile and range in scale appropriate to the environment being sensed. ESN's range in scale and function and we have reviewed over 50 representative examples. Large Scale Single Function Networks tend to use large single purpose nodes to cover a wide geographical area. Localised Multifunction Sensor Networks typically monitor a small area in more detail, often with wireless ad-hoc systems. Biosensor Networks use emerging biotechnologies to monitor environmental processes as well as developing proxies for immediate use. In the future, sensor networks will integrate these three elements (Heterogeneous Sensor Networks). The communications system and data storage and integration (cyberinfrastructure) aspects of ESN's are discussed, along with current challenges which need to be addressed. We argue that Environmental Sensor Networks will become a standard research tool for future Earth System and Environmental Science. Not only do they provide a 'virtual' connection with the environment, they allow new field and conceptual approaches to the study of environmental processes to be developed. We suggest that although technological advances have facilitated these changes, it is vital that Earth Systems and Environmental Scientists utilise them. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.