Archaeoseismology: Methodological issues and procedure
Archaeoseismology: Methodological issues and procedure
复制标题
考古地震学：方法论问题和程序
DOI：
10.1007/s10950-006-9027-x
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
S. Stiros
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Galadini;K. Hinzen;S. Stiros
古地震研究提供了有关过去地震的重要资料。考古地震学有用性的一个限制是由于缺乏对方法论的持续讨论。方法问题特别重要，因为对过去地震的考古地震调查使用了各种各样的方法。典型的现场调查包括：(1)重建当地考古地层，旨在确定可能与地震有关的破坏层的正确位置和年代；(2)分析可能由地震震动或二次地震影响引起的变形，这些变形可以在墙壁上检测到；(3)崩塌物沉积特征分析；（四）对当地地质地貌进行调查，确定可能造成破坏的自然原因；(5)研究影响地震动放大的局部因素；(6)对被测场地的动力激励估计。随后，用“领土”方法测试某一地区同步破坏的证据，可能会划定受地震袭击地区的范围。考古地震调查最可靠的结果是通过应用现代地质考古实践（考古地层学加上地质地貌数据），再加上地球物理工程定量方法和（如果有的话）历史信息而获得的。这提供了进行定量分析所需的基本数据集，而定量分析反过来又证实了古地震假说。由于考古地震调查可以揭示遗址破坏的可能的自然原因，它们有助于更广泛的环境考古学领域，该领域旨在确定人类与环境之间关系的历史。最后，通过对过去地震活动性知识的改进，这些研究有助于区域地震危险性的估计。
Archaeoseismic research contributes important data on past earthquakes. A limitation of the usefulness of archaeoseismology is due to the lack of continuous discussion about the methodology. The methodological issues are particularly important because archaeoseismological investigations of past earthquakes make use of a large variety of methods. Typical in situ investigations include: (1) reconstruction of the local archaeological stratigraphy aimed at defining the correct position and chronology of a destruction layer, presumably related to an earthquake; (2) analysis of the deformations potentially due to seismic shaking or secondary earthquake effects, detectable on walls; (3) analysis of the depositional characteristics of the collapsed material; (4) investigations of the local geology and geomorphology to define possible natural cause(s) of the destruction; (5) investigations of the local factors affecting the ground motion amplifications; and (6) estimation of the dynamic excitation, which affected the site under investigation. Subsequently, a ‘territorial’ approach testing evidence of synchronous destruction in a certain region may delineate the extent of the area struck by the earthquake. The most reliable results of an archaeoseismological investigation are obtained by application of modern geoarchaeological practice (archaeological stratigraphy plus geological–geomorphological data), with the addition of a geophysical-engineering quantitative approach and (if available) historical information. This gives a basic dataset necessary to perform quantitative analyses which, in turn, corroborate the archaeoseismic hypothesis. Since archaeoseismological investigations can reveal the possible natural causes of destruction at a site, they contribute to the wider field of environmental archaeology, that seeks to define the history of the relationship between humans and the environment. Finally, through the improvement of the knowledge on the past seismicity, these studies can contribute to the regional estimation of seismic hazard.