Individual Differences in Face Processing: Infants' Scanning Patterns and Pupil Dilations are Influenced by the Distribution of Parental Leave
Individual Differences in Face Processing: Infants' Scanning Patterns and Pupil Dilations are Influenced by the Distribution of Parental Leave
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00091.x
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Stenberg, Gunilla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gredeback, Gustaf;Eriksson, Malin;Stenberg, Gunilla
14个月大的婴儿在眼动追踪范例中呈现了快乐，中性和恐惧情绪面部表情的静态图像。这些情绪由婴儿自己的父母以及一名男性和一名女性陌生人（另一名参与婴儿的父母）表达。我们测量的不是特定兴趣区域的注视持续时间，而是注视次数、注视分布和瞳孔直径，以评估全局扫描模式和对情感内容的反应。这三项措施是不同的敏感性差异，在育儿假，情绪表达，和面孔熟悉。婴儿以不同的方式扫描和处理快乐，中立和恐惧的面孔。此外，由父亲和母亲共同照顾的婴儿（分开的育儿假）比主要由父母一方照顾的婴儿（在这项研究中，母亲）更多地将目光分散在脸上。瞳孔直径补充了这些发现，揭示了婴儿在观察目前不是主要照顾者的父母所表达的中性情绪时瞳孔直径较大。这项研究表明，结论如何不同的功能，使用特定的眼动跟踪措施，并表明，这里使用的三种措施收敛的结论，即14个月大的婴儿处理情绪表达的影响，婴儿暴露于父亲和母亲。
Fourteen-month-old infants were presented with static images of happy, neutral, and fearful emotional facial expressions in an eye-tracking paradigm. The emotions were expressed by the infants own parents as well as a male and female stranger (parents of another participating infant). Rather than measuring the duration of gaze in particular areas of interest, we measured number of fixations, distribution of fixations, and pupil diameter to evaluate global scanning patterns and reactions to emotional content. The three measures were differentially sensitive to differences in parental leave, emotional expression, and face familiarity. Infants scanned and processed differently happy, neutral, and fearful faces. In addition, infants cared for by both father and mother (divided parental leave) distributed their gaze more across faces than did infants primarily cared for by one parent (in this study, the mother). Pupil diameter complemented these findings, revealing that infants had larger pupil diameter during observation of neutral emotions expressed by the parent who is not currently the primary caregiver. This study demonstrates how conclusions differ as a function of the particular eye-tracking measure used and shows that the three measures used here converge on the conclusion that 14-month-old infants processing of emotional expressions is influenced by infants exposure to fathers and mothers.