The Role of Communication Research to Support Policy Change: The US Menthol Ban.
The Role of Communication Research to Support Policy Change: The US Menthol Ban.
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传播研究在支持政策变革中的作用：美国薄荷醇禁令。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntac249
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Goldstein,AdamO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Byron,MJustin;Enyioha,Chineme;Goldstein,AdamO
禁止在可燃烟草产品中添加薄荷醇可能会直接、显着地影响美国 1900 万薄荷醇卷烟吸烟者的生活，其中包括 85% 的非裔美国吸烟者。 1 美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 于 2009 年获得了对卷烟香料的管理权，并根据法律的指示成立了烟草产品科学咨询委员会，以审查薄荷醇的科学状况并提出建议。该委员会于 2011 年得出结论，“将薄荷卷烟从市场上撤下将有利于美国的公共健康”。 2 FDA 随后对薄荷醇的研究进行了自己的审查，并于 2013 年得出结论，由于薄荷醇对青少年、成瘾和戒烟的影响，“薄荷醇卷烟造成的公共健康风险可能高于非薄荷醇卷烟”。 3 这些结论与强有力的证据相一致，即薄荷醇使卷烟对年轻人更具吸引力，促进吸烟，4 并使卷烟更容易上瘾且更难戒烟。 5 薄荷醇禁令也得到了科学团体、倡导组织和大多数公众的广泛支持。 6 FDA 分别于 2013 年和 2018 年发布了关于薄荷醇卷烟拟议规则制定的预先通知，并收集了公众意见。在非裔美国人烟草控制领导委员会和吸烟与健康行动组织于 2020 年提起诉讼，声称“无理拖延和不作为”之后，7 FDA 于 2022 年 4 月发布了拟议产品标准，禁止薄荷醇作为卷烟的特征香料，并禁止雪茄中除烟草以外的所有特征香料。 8 一旦实施，美国将加入埃塞俄比亚、加拿大、欧盟、英国、巴西、土耳其和其他在过去十年已经通过薄荷醇禁令的司法管辖区的行列。 9因此，美国即将对薄荷醇进行监管，许多倡导者表示，为了保护美国人，特别是年轻人、非裔美国人、LGBTQ+人群、低收入人群和患有心理健康问题的人群，薄荷醇早就应该受到监管。 1 这一薄荷醇标准可以说是 FDA 迄今为止对烟草产品最具影响力的法规，影响了数百万人。为了充分利用这项政策，
A ban on menthol in combustible tobacco products has the potential to directly and dramatically affect the lives of the 19 million people who smoke menthol cigarettes in the US, including 85% of African American smokers. 1 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gained authority over flavors in cigarettes in 2009 and was directed by law to form a Tobacco Product Scientific Advisory Committee to review the state of the science on menthol and make a recommendation. The Committee concluded in 2011 that “removal of menthol cigarettes from the marketplace would benefit public health in the US”. 2 FDA then conducted its own review of the research on menthol, and in 2013 concluded that because of menthol’s impact on youth, addiction, and cessation, it is “likely that menthol cigarettes pose a public health risk above that seen with non-menthol cigarettes”. 3 These conclusions align with the robust evidence that menthol makes cigarettes more appealing to youth, facilitates progression to smoking, 4 and makes cigarettes more addictive and harder to quit. 5 Menthol bans are also broadly supported by scientific groups, advocacy organizations, and the majority of the public. 6 FDA issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking regarding menthol cigarettes in 2013 and one regarding flavored (including menthol) tobacco products in 2018, and then collected public comments. After a 2020 lawsuit filed by the African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council and Action on Smoking and Health claiming “unreasonable delay and inaction”, 7 FDA issued proposed product standards in April 2022 to prohibit menthol as a characterizing flavor in cigarettes and to prohibit all characterizing flavors other than tobacco in cigars. 8 If and when implemented, the US will join Ethiopia, Canada, the EU, the UK, Brazil, Turkey, and other jurisdictions that have already passed menthol bans over the last decade. 9The US is thus on the verge of the regulation of menthol that many advocates say is long overdue to protect Americans, especially youth, African Americans, people who identify as LGBTQ+, people with a low income, and people with mental health conditions. 1 This menthol standard could arguably be FDA’s most impactful regulation on tobacco products to date, affecting millions. To make the most of this policy, there is