Dynamics of career choice among students in undergraduate medical courses. A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 33
Dynamics of career choice among students in undergraduate medical courses. A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 33
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DOI：
10.3109/0142159x.2015.1074990
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发表时间：
2016-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Ten Cate, Olle T. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Querido, Sophie J.;Vergouw, David;Ten Cate, Olle T. J.
引言：由于缺乏对医学职业决策的最新文献的理论嵌入式概述，本研究提供了这些动态的概述。由于医学学位教育路径的差异可能影响职业选择动态，本研究侧重于西欧课程结构教育系统中的医学职业决策。方法：系统检索2008年1月~ 2014年11月的电子数据库（Medline、Embase）。一个由7名独立审稿人组成的小组使用Bland-Meurer医学专业选择模型作为参考，进行了数据提取、质量评估和数据综合。结果：57项研究符合纳入标准。与专业偏好或职业选择相关的因素可分为五大类：(1)医学院特征（如课程结构），(2)学生特征（如年龄、个性），(3)学生价值观（如个人偏好），(4)职业需求满足（如预期收入、地位和工作与生活的平衡），以及(5)专业特征感知（如课外或课程经历）。尤其是职业需求和对专业特征的认知往往与医学职业决策有关。结论：我们的研究结果支持医疗职业决策是由专业特征的感知与个人需求的匹配形成的。然而，医学职业决策的过程尚未完全了解。除了确定可能的预测因素外，未来的研究应侧重于检测假设预测因素之间的相互关系，并确定医疗职业决策过程各个阶段的决定因素和相互关系。
Introduction: Due to the lack of a theoretically embedded overview of the recent literature on medical career decision-making, this study provides an outline of these dynamics. Since differences in educational routes to the medical degree likely affect career choice dynamics, this study focuses on medical career decision-making in educational systems with a Western European curriculum structure.Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, Embase) was conducted from January 2008 to November 2014. A panel of seven independent reviewers performed the data extraction, quality assessment and data synthesis using the Bland-Meurer model of medical specialty choice as a reference.Results: Fifty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Factors associated with specialty preference or career choice can be classified in five main categories: (1) medical school characteristics (e.g., curriculum structure), (2) student characteristics (e.g., age, personality), (3) student values (e.g., personal preference), (4) career needs to be satisfied (e.g., expected income, status, and work-life balance), and (5) perception of specialty characteristics (e.g., extracurricular or curricular experiences). Especially career needs and perceptions of specialty characteristics are often associated with medical career decision-making.Conclusion: Our results support that medical career decisions are formed by a matching of perceptions of specialty characteristics with personal needs. However, the process of medical career decision-making is not yet fully understood. Besides identifying possible predictors, future research should focus on detecting interrelations between hypothesized predictors and identify the determinants and interrelations at the various stages of the medical career decision-making process.