The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and biological rhythms: The discovery of TSH's unexpected role using animal models
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and biological rhythms: The discovery of TSH's unexpected role using animal models
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.002
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Yoshimura, Takashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ikegami, Keisuke;Yoshimura, Takashi
甲状腺激素（TH）对发育，生长和代谢很重要。TH的合成和分泌受下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺（HPT）轴的调节。动物模型有助于我们进一步了解TH的作用和调控机制。动物的身体通过协调细胞分裂和分化的时间来发育。对青蛙变态的研究发现了TH及其在发育中的作用。然而，为了适应有节奏的环境变化，动物也发展了各种内分泌节律。啮齿类动物的研究阐明了HPT轴昼夜节律调节的神经和分子机制。此外，鸟类具有复杂的季节适应机制，最近对鹌鹑的研究揭示了促甲状腺激素（TSH）和TH在繁殖季节调节中的意想不到的作用。有趣的是，这种机制在哺乳动物中是保守的。因此，我们回顾动物研究如何塑造我们的一般理解HPT轴与生物节律。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important for development, growth, and metabolism. It is also clear that the synthesis and secretion of TH are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid (HPT) axis. Animal models have helped advance our understanding of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of TH. The animals' bodies develop through coordinated timing of cell division and differentiation. Studies of frog metamorphosis led to the discovery of TH and their role in development. However, to adapt to rhythmic environmental changes, animals also developed various endocrine rhythms. Studies of rodents clarified the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of the HPT axis. Moreover, birds have a sophisticated seasonal adaptation mechanism, and recent studies of quail revealed unexpected roles for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TH in the seasonal regulation of reproduction. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved in mammals. Thus, we review how animal studies have shaped our general understanding of the HPT axis in relation to biological rhythms. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.