Efficacy and the Strength of Evidence of U.S. Alcohol Control Policies
Efficacy and the Strength of Evidence of U.S. Alcohol Control Policies
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2013.03.008
复制
发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Naimi, Timothy S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nelson, Toben F.;Xuan, Ziming;Naimi, Timothy S.
背景：公共政策可以限制酒精消费及其相关危害，但对于美国来说，酒精控制政策的相对有效性没有直接的比较目的：确定酒精控制政策，并对其有效性和证据强度进行量化评级。方法：2010年，由10名美国酒精政策专家组成的德尔福小组确定并评估了酒精控制政策在普通人群和青少年中减少酗酒和酒后驾车的有效性，以及每项政策有效性的证据强度。这些政策是根据科学证据和对公共卫生的潜在影响而提名的。分析在2010-2012年间进行。结果：专家小组成员确定并评价了47项政策。限价政策获得的评级最高，酒类税收在所有四项结果中都获得了最高评级。在一般人群中减少酗酒和酒后驾车的高评价政策在青年中也得到了很高的评价，尽管与一般人群相比，有几项政策对青年的评价更高。在减少酗酒(r=0.50)和酒后驾车(r=0.45)方面，普通人群和年轻人的政策效果评级呈正相关。在普通人群(r=0.88)和年轻人(r=0.85)中，减少酗酒和酒后驾车的疗效评级之间存在很强的相关性。药效评级与证据强度评级呈正相关。结论：比较政策评级有助于描述酒精政策环境，为政策讨论提供信息，并确定未来的研究需求。
Background: Public policy can limit alcohol consumption and its associated harm, but no direct comparison of the relative efficacy of alcohol control policies exists for the U.S.Purpose: To identify alcohol control policies and develop quantitative ratings of their efficacy and strength of evidence.Methods: In 2010, a Delphi panel of ten U.S. alcohol policy experts identified and rated the efficacy of alcohol control policies for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving among both the general population and youth, and the strength of evidence informing the efficacy of each policy. The policies were nominated on the basis of scientific evidence and potential for public health impact. Analysis was conducted in 2010-2012.Results: Panelists identified and rated 47 policies. Policies limiting price received the highest ratings, with alcohol taxes receiving the highest ratings for all four outcomes. Highly rated policies for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving in the general population also were rated highly among youth, although several policies were rated more highly for youth compared with the general population. Policy efficacy ratings for the general population and youth were positively correlated for reducing both binge drinking (r=0.50) and alcohol-impaired driving (r=0.45). The correlation between efficacy ratings for reducing binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving was strong for the general population (r=0.88) and for youth (r=0.85). Efficacy ratings were positively correlated with strength-of-evidence ratings.Conclusions: Comparative policy ratings can help characterize the alcohol policy environment, inform policy discussions, and identify future research needs.