Clinical possibilities in retinal pigment epithelial transplantations.
Clinical possibilities in retinal pigment epithelial transplantations.
复制标题
视网膜色素上皮移植的临床可能性。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00239.x
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Algvere
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Algvere
长期以来，通过移植来替代体内功能不足、受损或营养不良的细胞一直是一个吸引人的概念。在视网膜中，容易手术进入视网膜下间隙为移植视网膜色素上皮(RPE)和/或光感受器细胞提供了一个自然的起点。在视网膜色素变性等多种视网膜营养不良中，光感受器表达大量的基因缺陷，使光感受器细胞移植成为研究的主要目标。在这一期的《斯堪的纳维亚眼科学报》中，Sharma等人证明了视网膜前胚胎视网膜移植的外节发育不好，但在视网膜下空间发育良好。这项研究表明，这里的微环境对光感受器有重大影响，可能也对RPE的发育有影响。然而，到目前为止，还没有证据表明移植的光感受器细胞与二级视网膜神经元形成突触接触。RPE细胞与光感受器没有解剖联系，但凭借其顶端的微绒毛保持着服务于光感受器的亲密生理和代谢活动，包括外节的吞噬作用。为了RPE的最佳功能，细胞质细胞器是强烈极化的。动物实验表明，移植到视网膜下间隙的WE细胞形成了正确的极性，可能是由于
Replacing functionally insufficient, damaged or dystrophic cells in the body by transplantation has long been an appealing concept. In the retina, an easy surgical access to the subretinal space offers a natural starting-point for transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or photoreceptor cells. In several retinal dystrophies, such as retinitis pigmentosa, a large number of gene defects are expressed in the photoreceptors, making photoreceptor cell transplantation a main target of research. In this issue of Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Sharma et al demonstrate that outer segments do not develop well in epiretinal embryonic retinal transplants but do so in the subretinal space. This study indicates that the microenvironment here has a major impact on photoreceptor and, presumably, also for RPE development. However, so far there is no evidence that transplanted photoreceptor cells form synaptic contacts to host second order retinal neurons.The RPE cells have no anatomic connections to the photoreceptors but maintain by virtue of their apical microvilli an intimate physiological and metabolic activity serving the photoreceptors, including phagocytosis of the outer segments. For optimal function of the RPE, the cytoplasmic organelles are strongly polarized. Animal experiments indicate that WE cells transplanted to the subretinal space develop a correct polarity, presumably due to the characteristics and influence of