Constraining the Surface Flux of Sea Spray Particles From the Southern Ocean
Constraining the Surface Flux of Sea Spray Particles From the Southern Ocean
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DOI：
10.1029/2019jd032026
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发表时间：
2020-02-27
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
McDonald, A. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hartery, S.;Toohey, D.;McDonald, A. J.
模拟南大洋区域的短波辐射平衡仍然是地球系统模型的一个挑战。为了研究这是否与气溶胶-云相互作用的表示有关，我们比较了南大洋区域内海喷雾产生的颗粒的总数浓度的测量值，以模型预测。测量是在R/V Tangaroa上的一个集装箱实验室进行的，整个夏季航行到罗斯海。我们使用源-受体模型来计算我们的测量对逆风表面通量的敏感性。通过这种方法，我们可以根据表面风速和海面温度来约束海雾表面通量的经验参数化。提出了一种基于近地面风速的新的海雾粒子通量参数化方法。现有的模型参数化的比较表明，目前的模型参数化导致高估的海雾浓度。与以前的研究相比，我们发现，包括海面温度作为解释变量并没有实质性地提高模型测量的一致性。为了测试参数化是否适用于全球，我们使用原位白顶测量数据库进行了回归分析。我们发现，在此回归的关键拟合参数同意与参数化的海喷雾通量。最后，我们比较了计算从最佳模型的表面通量边界层测量收集机上的整个南大洋云，辐射，气溶胶传输实验研究（SOCRATES），找到良好的协议。
Modeling the shortwave radiation balance over the Southern Ocean region remains a challenge for Earth system models. To investigate whether this is related to the representation of aerosol-cloud interactions, we compared measurements of the total number concentration of sea spray-generated particles within the Southern Ocean region to model predictions thereof. Measurements were conducted from a container laboratory aboard the R/V Tangaroa throughout an austral summer voyage to the Ross Sea. We used source-receptor modeling to calculate the sensitivity of our measurements to upwind surface fluxes. From this approach, we could constrain empirical parameterizations of sea spray surface flux based on surface wind speed and sea surface temperature. A newly tuned parameterization for the flux of sea spray particles based on the near-surface wind speed is presented. Comparisons to existing model parameterizations revealed that present model parameterizations led to overestimations of sea spray concentrations. In contrast to previous studies, we found that including sea surface temperature as an explanatory variable did not substantially improve model-measurement agreement. To test whether or not the parameterization may be applicable globally, we conducted a regression analysis using a database of in situ whitecap measurements. We found that the key fitting parameter within this regression agreed well with the parameterization of sea spray flux. Finally, we compared calculations from the best model of surface flux to boundary layer measurements collected onboard an aircraft throughout the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES), finding good agreement overall.