The relationship of acoustic emission and pulse-repetition frequency in the detection of gas body stability and cell death
The relationship of acoustic emission and pulse-repetition frequency in the detection of gas body stability and cell death
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.11.007
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fowlkes, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samuel, S;Miller, DL;Fowlkes, JB
研究了脉冲重复频率（PRF）和暴露次数对膜损伤和随后造影剂附着的吞噬细胞死亡的影响。小鼠巨噬细胞系的吞噬细胞在薄聚酯薄膜上以单层形式生长。 Optison 微泡通过孵育附着到这些细胞上。在脱气水浴中以 2.25 MHz 的频率、46 个周期脉冲和 1 kHz、100 Hz、10 Hz、1 Hz 和 0.1 Hz 的临床相关 PRF 实施聚焦超声暴露（P-r = 2 MPa）。 1 MHz 接收传感器测量散射信号。频谱被归一化为来自线性散射体的控制频谱。在暴露之前和之后拍摄细胞单层的显微照片，并使用染料排除测试（台盼蓝）来找出指示细胞死亡的蓝染细胞的百分比，然后将其与声发射相关。对于 10 个声脉冲和高预冲洗气体浓度，与 100 Hz、10 Hz、1 Hz 和 0.1 Hz 的 PRF 相比，1 kHz PRF 下的细胞死亡较少，相应的声发射变化也较低 (p < 0.001)。高 PRF 下效果的降低可能表明带壳微泡的某些演变，需要显着的总暴露持续时间（> 10 毫秒，但 < 100 毫秒）。
The effect of pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) and number of exposures on membrane damage and subsequent death of contrast agent-attached phagocytic cells was examined. Phagocytic cells of a mouse macrophage cell line were grown as monolayers on thin Mylar sheets. Optison(R) microbubbles were attached to these cells by incubation. Focused ultrasound exposures (P-r = 2 MPa) were implemented at a frequency of 2.25 MHz with 46 cycle pulses and clinically relevant PRFs of I kHz, 100 Hz, 10 Hz, 1 Hz and 0.1 Hz in a degassed water bath. A 1-MHz receive transducer measured the scattered signal. The frequency spectrum was normalized to a control spectrum from linear scatterers. Photomicrographs of the cell monolayer were made before and after exposure, and a dye exclusion test (Trypan blue) was used to find the percentage of blue-stained cells indicating cell death, which was then related to acoustic emission. For 10 acoustic pulses and a high prerinse gas body concentration, there was less cell death and correspondingly lower change in the acoustic emissions at a PRF of I kHz than with PRFs of 100 Hz, 10 Hz, I Hz and 0.1 Hz (p < 0.001). The reduced effect at high PRF may be indicative of some evolution of the shelled microbubble that requires significant total exposure duration (> 10 ms, but < 100 ms).