Mechanism of N-terminal modulation of activity at the melanocortin-4 receptor GPCR.

Mechanism of N-terminal modulation of activity at the melanocortin-4 receptor GPCR.
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DOI:
10.1038/nchembio.1008
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发表时间:
2012-08
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Vaisse, Christian
Vaisse, Christian
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ersoy, Baran A.;Pardo, Leonardo;Zhang, Sumei;Thompson, Darren A.;Millhauser, Glenn;Govaerts, Cedric;Vaisse, Christian

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我们对 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 激活的大部分理解都集中在可扩散配体与其七跨膜结构域之间的直接相互作用。然而,许多此类受体依赖于其胞外 N 末端结构域来进行配体识别和激活。为了剖析单个受体两种激活模式背后的分子相互作用,我们利用了黑皮质素-4受体(MC4R)的独特性质,MC4R是一种GPCR,显示出其N末端结构域维持的组成性活性,并被肽α-黑素细胞刺激激素(αMSH)生理激活。我们发现 N 端结构域和 αMSH 的激活依赖于跨膜区的不同关键残基。我们还证明了刺鼠相关蛋白(MC4R 的生理拮抗剂)通过抑制 N 末端介导的激活而充当反向激动剂,这导致人们推测许多组成型活性孤儿 GPCR 可能具有生理反向激动剂作为唯一的调节剂。
Most of our understanding of G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) activation has been focused on the direct interaction between diffusible ligands and their seven-transmembrane domains. However, a number of these receptors depend on their extracellular N-terminal domain for ligand recognition and activation. To dissect the molecular interactions underlying both modes of activation at a single receptor, we used the unique properties of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), a GPCR that shows constitutive activity maintained by its N-terminal domain and is physiologically activated by the peptide α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH). We find that activation by the N-terminal domain and αMSH relies on different key residues in the transmembrane region. We also demonstrate that agouti-related protein, a physiological antagonist of MC4R, acts as an inverse agonist by inhibiting N terminus–mediated activation, leading to the speculation that a number of constitutively active orphan GPCRs could have physiological inverse agonists as sole regulators.
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