The creation of the essentialism story: an exercise in metahistory.
The creation of the essentialism story: an exercise in metahistory.
复制标题
本质主义故事的创造：元历史学的练习。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
M. Winsor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Winsor
本质主义的故事是恩斯特·迈尔（Ernst Mayr）在1953年至1968年之间编造的生物分类史的一个版本，他结合了亚瑟·凯恩（Arthur Cain）和大卫·船体（David Hull）的贡献以及他自己对柏拉图的怨恨。它把达尔文之前的分类学家描绘成被一种叫做本质主义的古老哲学所束缚，直到查尔斯达尔文1859年的《物种起源》才被释放出来。迈尔的动机是促进现代综合，反对唯心形态学家的类型学;妖魔化柏拉图服务于这一目的。亚瑟将林奈描绘成一个"经院哲学"逻辑的追随者，这一点与沿着大卫船体对卡尔·波普尔的术语"本质主义"的应用密不可分，迈尔在1968年接受了这个术语，将其作为他所谓的"类型学思维"的同义词。尽管迈尔也指出了本质主义在分类学史上的重要性，但本质主义的故事仍然主导着次级文献。第一次讲述本质主义故事的历史暴露了它缺乏事实基础。
The essentialism story is a version of the history of biological classification that was fabricated between 1953 and 1968 by Ernst Mayr, who combined contributions from Arthur Cain and David Hull with his own grudge against Plato. It portrays pre-Darwinian taxonomists as caught in the grip of an ancient philosophy called essentialism, from which they were not released until Charles Darwin's 1859 Origin of Species. Mayr's motive was to promote the Modern Synthesis in opposition to the typology of idealist morphologists; demonizing Plato served this end. Arthur Cain's picture of Linnaeus as a follower of 'Aristotelian' (scholastic) logic was woven into the story, along with David Hull's application of Karl Popper's term, 'essentialism', which Mayr accepted in 1968 as a synonym for what he had called 'typological thinking'. Although Mayr also pointed out the importance of empiricism in the history of taxonomy, the essentialism story still dominates the secondary literature. The history of the first telling of the essentialism story exposes its scant basis in fact.