Temporal dispersal: Ecological and evolutionary aspects of zooplankton egg banks and the role of sediment mixing
Temporal dispersal: Ecological and evolutionary aspects of zooplankton egg banks and the role of sediment mixing
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/42.3.481
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kearns, CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hairston, NG;Kearns, CM
浮游动物卵库是埋藏在许多水生生态系统沉积物中的浮游动物滞育胚胎的积累。这些卵的生命史阶段类似于许多植物的种子，它们可以在即将孵化的状态下存活几年到世纪以上。它们在池塘、湖泊和近岸海洋环境中的存在对于理解生态和进化变化的轨迹具有重大意义。当湖泊的沉积物是按历史序列结构化的时，从不同沉积物年代提取的滞育卵可以提供一种研究群落或种群遗传结构过去变化的手段。卵库的一个完全不同的方面来自于这样一个事实，即滞育卵的孵化可以影响，通过什么可以被认为是时间分散，人口和社区对环境变化的反应。从滞育中孵化出来的卵将在遥远的过去产下的物种或基因型引入到当前的环境中。此外，卵子库创造了扩展的世代重叠，当不同类型（物种或基因型）在不同时间受到青睐时，在波动的环境中保持多样性方面可以发挥重要作用。卵子库的这些不同方面（Le.，它们对生态和进化过程的直接影响与它们在重建历史变化方面的有用性）可能存在冲突，因为要使旧蛋孵化，沉积物必须至少部分混合。然而，同样的混合也降低了历史记录的准确性。这两个方面都是可能的，但是，即使在一个单一的湖泊时，沉积物混合强度是空间异质性。
Zooplankton egg banks are the accumulation of diapausing embryos of planktonic animals buried in the sediments of many aquatic ecosystems. These eggs, which are analogous life history stages to the seeds of many plants, can survive in a ready-to-hatch state for periods ranging from a few years to greater than a century. Their presence in ponds, lakes and near-shore marine environments has substantial implications for understanding trajectories of ecological and evolutionary change. When the sediments of lakes are structured in historical sequence, diapausing eggs extracted from different sediment ages can provide a means of studying past changes in community or population-genetic structure. A completely different aspect of egg banks derives from the fact that hatching of diapausing eggs can influence, through what can be thought of as temporal dispersal, population and community response to environmental change. Eggs hatching from diapause introduce to current environments species or genotypes laid at times in the distant past. In addition, egg banks create extended generation overlap that can play an important role in maintaining diversity in a fluctuating environment when different types (species or genotypes) are favored at different times. These distinct aspects of egg banks (Le., their direct impact on ecological and evolutionary processes versus their usefulness in reconstructing historical changes), are potentially in conflict because for old eggs to hatch, the sediments must be at least partially mixed. This same mixing, however, degrades the accuracy of the historical record. Both aspects are possible, however, even within a single lake when sediment-mixing intensity is spatially heterogeneous.