A sustainability framework for assessing trade-offs in ecosystem services
A sustainability framework for assessing trade-offs in ecosystem services
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DOI：
10.5751/es-06917-200117
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Balvanera, Patricia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cavender-Bares, Jeannine;Polasky, Stephen;Balvanera, Patricia
实现可持续性，即，满足当前人口的需求而不损害后代的需求，是全球社会在21世纪世纪面临的主要挑战。在提供、监管、文化和支持生态系统服务之间进行固有的权衡，并以不损害未来提供服务所需的自然资本的方式进行权衡，对于可持续资源管理至关重要。在此，我们以现有文献（主要来自经济学和生态学）为基础，提出了一个分析框架，该框架整合了（1）支撑生态系统服务的生态机制，（2）限制管理选项的生物物理权衡和固有限制，（3）利益相关者的偏好和价值观，以及（4）明确分析系统如何随时间演变，以确保满足后代需求的目标。著名的生态模型定义了代表"效率边界"的服务之间的关系和权衡。“经济学中的著名方法结合了联合收割机偏好，定义了利益相关者在效率边界上权衡生态系统服务的意愿，阐明了满足人类需求的理想结果。系统动力学表明系统将如何演变，从而对生态系统服务和人类福祉产生影响，并对实现可持续性产生影响。生物物理制约因素、不确定性、技术进步以及社会因素和治理制度造成的障碍的异质性影响着潜在的和已实现的生态系统服务。使用一组对比的场景，我们说明了如何在可持续发展方面取得进展，以及在此过程中必须解决的重要障碍。我们从经济学和生态学中分析可持续发展的框架旨在使更广泛的受众能够获得这两个学科的概念。
Achieving sustainability, i.e., meeting the needs of current populations without compromising the needs of future generations, is the major challenge facing global society in the 21st century. Navigating the inherent trade-offs between provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services, and doing so in a way that does not compromise natural capital needed to provide services in the future, is critical for sustainable resource management. Here we build upon existing literature, primarily from economics and ecology, to present an analytical framework that integrates (1) the ecological mechanisms that underpin ecosystem services, (2) biophysical trade-offs and inherent limits that constrain management options, (3) preferences and values of stakeholders, and (4) explicit analysis of how systems evolve through time to ensure the goal of meeting the needs of future generations. Well-known ecological models define the relationships and trade-offs among services that represents an "efficiency frontier." Well-known methods in economics that combine preferences that define the willingness of stakeholders to trade off ecosystem services on the efficiency frontiers illuminate desirable outcomes that meet human needs. System dynamics show how the system will evolve with consequent impacts on ecosystem services and human well-being and the effects this has on achieving sustainability. Heterogeneity in biophysical constraints, uncertainty, technological advances, and obstacles imposed by societal factors and governance regimes influence potential and realized ecosystem services. Using a set of contrasting scenarios, we illustrate how progress can be made toward sustainability and the important obstacles that must be addressed in doing so. Our framework for analyzing sustainability drawn from economics and ecology is intended to make an integration of concepts from both disciplines accessible to a wider audience.