Fetal MRI: A Technical Update with Educational Aspirations.
Fetal MRI: A Technical Update with Educational Aspirations.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/cmr.a.21321
复制
发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mulkern RV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gholipour A;Estroff JA;Barnewolt CE;Robertson RL;Grant PE;Gagoski B;Warfield SK;Afacan O;Connolly SA;Neil JJ;Wolfberg A;Mulkern RV
胎儿磁共振成像(MRI)检查在许多机构已经成为成熟的程序，当超声检查后诊断仍有疑问时，可以作为超声检查的有用辅助手段。然而，由于胎儿运动，胎儿MRI检查具有挑战性，需要在与常规临床研究使用的模式略有不同的模式下使用MR扫描仪。在这里，我们回顾了胎儿MRI最常用的技术和可用的技术，重点介绍了这些技术的物理原理，以及如何利用它们来提高胎儿MRI检查的成功率。到目前为止，最常用的技术是单次激发T2加权成像，因为它具有良好的组织对比度和对胎儿运动的相对免疫力。然而，尽管存在巨大的挑战，常规神经和体部MRI中常用的许多其他技术，如T1和T2*加权成像、扩散和灌注加权成像以及光谱方法，仍然对胎儿MR的应用感兴趣。在胎儿MRI的背景下，努力了解这些基本方法的优点和局限性，以优化它们的使用，并促进技术改进的实施，以进一步发展胎儿MR成像，包括采集和后处理策略。
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations have become well-established procedures at many institutions and can serve as useful adjuncts to ultrasound (US) exams when diagnostic doubts remain after US. Due to fetal motion, however, fetal MRI exams are challenging and require the MR scanner to be used in a somewhat different mode than that employed for more routine clinical studies. Herein we review the techniques most commonly used, and those that are available, for fetal MRI with an emphasis on the physics of the techniques and how to deploy them to improve success rates for fetal MRI exams. By far the most common technique employed is single-shot T2-weighted imaging due to its excellent tissue contrast and relative immunity to fetal motion. Despite the significant challenges involved, however, many of the other techniques commonly employed in conventional neuro- and body MRI such as T1 and T2*-weighted imaging, diffusion and perfusion weighted imaging, as well as spectroscopic methods remain of interest for fetal MR applications. An effort to understand the strengths and limitations of these basic methods within the context of fetal MRI is made in order to optimize their use and facilitate implementation of technical improvements for the further development of fetal MR imaging, both in acquisition and post-processing strategies.