The effect of task constraints on infants' (bi)manual strategy for grasping and exploring objects
The effect of task constraints on infants' (bi)manual strategy for grasping and exploring objects
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DOI：
10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.05.005
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Lockman, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fagard, J;Lockman, JJ
在婴儿中，经常可以观察到惯用左手和选择单手抓握与双手抓握的波动。从动态系统的角度来看，这些波动被认为反映了其他发展技能的出现。治疗期间的波动反映了婴儿运动行为固有的变异性。本研究的目的是考察任务限制在多大程度上能够调节物体抓取和探索过程中的这种变异性。对41名6到12个月大的儿童、42名18到24个月大的儿童、43名30到36个月大的儿童和12名48个月大的儿童进行了不同任务的测试：简单抓取、精确抓取、包括双手操作的抓取，对于一些受试者，还测试了客体探索行为。结果表明，用于简单抓握的手的可变性在36到48个月之间下降得尤为明显。提高抓取所需的精确度减少了抓取模式的可变性，并增加了右手策略的频率。当抓握涉及双手操作时，手持手比简单抓握更明显，至少对18到36个月大的婴儿来说是这样。相比之下，对进行各种探索的物体以及随后的探索行为的把握甚至比简单的把握更不明显地偏侧化。因此，婴儿在抓取和操纵物体过程中的手模式的可变性，虽然反映了婴儿运动输出的更一般的可变性，但可以被不同的任务限制所调节。(C)2005 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Fluctuations in handedness and in the choice of one-handed versus two-handed grasping have often been observed in infants. From a dynamic systems perspective, these fluctuations are considered to reflect the emergence of other developing skills. The fluctuations within session reflect the variability inherent to the infant's motor behavior. The goal of this study was to examine to what extent task constraints can modulate this variability during object grasping and exploration. Forty-one 6- to 12-month-olds, forty-two 18- to 24-month-olds, forty-three 30- to 36-month-olds and twelve 48-month-old children were tested on different tasks: simple grasping, precision grasping, grasping involving bimanual manipulation, and, for a few subjects, object exploratory behavior. Results showed that the variability of the hand used for simple grasping decreases particularly between 36 and 48 months. Increasing the precision required for grasping decreased the variability of the grasping patterns and increased the frequency of right-handed strategies. When grasping involved bimanual manipulation, handedness emerged more clearly than for simple grasping, at least for 18- to 36-month-old infants. In contrast, grasping of objects affording various explorations and subsequent exploratory behaviors were even less clearly lateralized than simple grasping. Thus, variability of infants' hand patterns during object grasping and manipulation, while reflecting the more general variability of infants' motor output, can be modulated by different task constraints. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.