Schizophrenia and alcohol dependence: diverse clinical effects of oxytocin and their evolutionary origins.
Schizophrenia and alcohol dependence: diverse clinical effects of oxytocin and their evolutionary origins.
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精神分裂症和酒精依赖：催产素的不同临床作用及其进化起源。
DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.050
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Pedersen,CortA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pedersen,CortA
从1979年第一份报告开始，中央管理催产素刺激处女大鼠的母性行为，几十年的动物研究和最近的人类研究已经证明催产素具有许多亲社会的影响。这些发现表明，催产素可能是一种有效的治疗社交缺陷的方法，这些缺陷是自闭症和精神分裂症等疾病的标志性特征。在临床前动物模型中的作用也意味着催产素可能是一种有效的药物疗法，在广泛的精神疾病，包括精神病和成瘾。迄今为止，3个小型临床试验发现，每日鼻内催产素治疗2-8周显著减少精神分裂症的精神病性症状。其中两项试验还发现社会认知或神经认知有所改善，在这些领域，患者存在显着缺陷，对传统抗精神病药物治疗没有反应，并导致残疾。在另一项小型试验中，鼻内催产素有效地阻止了酒精戒断。在审查了这些试验的基本原理后，对它们进行了更详细的描述。然后提出问题，然后讨论我们对人类大脑催产素系统的知识存在的巨大差距。希望是突出的重要方向，为未来的调查中的作用，催产素的病理生理学的精神障碍和成瘾，并扩大在这些领域的临床研究。催产素在胎盘哺乳动物的母-婴和其他社会依恋的进化过程中可能被选择，但迄今尚未认识到的作用被认为是催产素抗精神病和抗成瘾作用的可能来源。
Beginning in 1979 with the first report that central administration of oxytocin stimulates maternal behavior in virgin rats, decades of animal research and more recent human studies have demonstrated that oxytocin has many pro-social effects. These many findings suggest that oxytocin may be an effective treatment for social deficits that are hallmark features of disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Effects in preclinical animal models also imply that oxytocin may be an efficacious pharmacotherapy in a wide range of psychiatric disorders including psychoses and addictions. To date, 3 small clinical trials found that daily intranasal oxytocin treatment for 2–8 weeks significantly reduced psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Two of these trials also found improvement in social cognition or neurocognition, areas in which patients have significant deficiencies that do not respond to conventional antipsychotic treatment and contribute to disability. In another small trial, intranasal oxytocin potently blocked alcohol withdrawal. After reviewing the rationale for these trials, they are described in more detail. Questions are then asked followed by discussions of the large gaps in our knowledge about brain oxytocin systems in humans. The hope is to highlight important directions for future investigations of the role of oxytocin in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders and addictions and to extend clinical research in these areas. Heretofore unrecognized roles for which oxytocin may have been selected during the evolution of placental mammalian maternal–infant and other social attachments are considered as possible origins of oxytocin antipsychotic and antiaddiction effects.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin and Social Behav.