Housing and Reconstruction over the Five Years After the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Housing and Reconstruction over the Five Years After the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
复制标题
2011 年日本地震和海啸后五年的住房和重建
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-58691-5_11
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Shiozaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Shiozaki
在这一章中，我们想主要从住房重建的角度来讨论格杰事件5年后的现状。还有16万人从家乡撤离，仍然没有自己的房子，5万人住在预制或木制的临时住房中。提供了三种类型的临时住房，即预制住房、木制住房和出租公寓住房。预制临时住房在生活质量和成本方面存在许多问题。木质临时住房是一项新的创新，质量好，成本低；此外，他们在每个受损地区用当地材料和当地工人建造，有助于当地经济。受害者对临时出租公寓和住房表示欢迎，但系统在分配过程中存在一些问题。临时住房后获得永久住房有两种方式，一种是通过公房重建，另一种是自我重建。公共住房完工率是建议计划的60%。虽然公共房屋制度对低收入受害者非常重要，但我们不应完全依赖这个制度，因为它有一些缺点。这种自我重建的方式是当地受害者理所当然的做法。应加强支持系统，使其承担更大部分的住房重建。在东北地区，住房重建与重建mchidukuri项目联系在一起，该项目涉及一个非常复杂的过程，需要很长时间。日本现在不仅面临着从Geje重建，而且还面临着为不久的将来发生的下一场大灾难做准备，因此从过去的经验中吸取教训做好各种准备是至关重要的。需要考虑的重要问题之一是设立一个常设专门机构，吸取全部教训，完善总体减灾体系。
In this chapter, we would like to discuss the current situation 5 years after the GEJE, mainly from the viewpoint of housing reconstruction. There are 160,000 people who were evacuated from their hometowns still without having their own houses, and 50,000 people living in prefabricated or wooden temporary housing. Three types of temporary housing were provided, namely, prefab housing, wooden housing and rental-apartment housing. The prefab temporary housing had many problems in terms of quality of life and cost. The wooden temporary housing was a new innovation and had good quality and low cost; additionally, their construction in each damaged area with local materials and local workers was helpful to the local economy. The victims welcomed the temporary rental apartments and housing, but the system had a few problems related to the process of assignment. There are two ways to get permanent housing after temporary housing, one is through the reconstruction of public housing and the other is self-reconstruction. The public-housing completion rate is 60% of the suggested plan. While the public housing system is very important for low-income victims, we should not totally rely on the system because it has some demerits. The self-reconstruction way is natural for the local victims to follow. The support system should be strengthened so that it takes assumes a larger part of housing reconstruction. In the Tohoku area, housing reconstruction is linked to reconstructionmachidukuri project, which involves a very complicated process and takes very much time. Japan is now facing not only reconstruction from the GEJE but also preparation for the next huge disaster in the near future, therefore it is crucial to make every kind of preparation by learning from past experiences. One of the important points to be considered is to set up a permanent special organization to learn the entire lesson and to improve the system for the reduction of disaster damage overall.