IMAGING METHODS FOR ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENTS
IMAGING METHODS FOR ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENTS
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.004
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Burns, Peter N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Averkiou, Michalakis A.;Bruce, Matthew F.;Burns, Peter N.
微泡造影剂是在25年前引入的，目的是增强血液回声，使诊断超声能够成像微循环。心脏病学和肿瘤学焦急地等待着实现这一目标，各有一个临床应用：心肌灌注、肿瘤灌注和血管生成成像。但首先需要的是对体内微泡行为的科学理解和成像技术的发展，以实现最初的目标。事实上，在超过25年的时间里，气泡科学和成像技术已经有条不紊地发展到提供对比增强超声。实现气泡的基本性质，非线性响应和超声诱导破坏，导致了大量的方法；对比增强超声（CEUS）的算法和技术以及谐波成像、谐波功率多普勒、脉冲反演、调幅、最大强度投影等许多成像模式被发明、发展和验证。如今，超声造影在世界范围内广泛应用于心脏科和放射科的临床适应症，并不断成熟和发展，已成为将超声诊断转化为一种功能成像方式的基本临床工具。在这篇综述文章中，我们详细介绍和解释了气泡成像方法和相关的伪影，灌注量化方法，以及实施的考虑和监管方面。（E-mail: maverk@uw.edu） (C) 2019世界超声医学与生物学联合会。版权所有。
Microbubble contrast agents were introduced more than 25 years ago with the objective of enhancing blood echoes and enabling diagnostic ultrasound to image the microcirculation. Cardiology and oncology waited anxiously for the fulfillment of that objective with one clinical application each: myocardial perfusion, tumor perfusion and angiogenesis imaging. What was necessary though at first was the scientific understanding of microbubble behavior in vivo and the development of imaging technology to deliver the original objective. And indeed, for more than 25 years bubble science and imaging technology have evolved methodically to deliver contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Realization of the basic bubbles properties, non-linear response and ultrasound-induced destruction, has led to a plethora of methods; algorithms and techniques for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and imaging modes such as harmonic imaging, harmonic power Doppler, pulse inversion, amplitude modulation, maximum intensity projection and many others were invented, developed and validated. Today, CEUS is used everywhere in the world with clinical indications both in cardiology and in radiology, and it continues to mature and evolve and has become a basic clinical tool that transforms diagnostic ultrasound into a functional imaging modality. In this review article, we present and explain in detail bubble imaging methods and associated artifacts, perfusion quantification approaches, and implementation considerations and regulatory aspects. (E-mail: maverk@uw.edu) (C) 2019 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. All rights reserved.