Specialized specialists and the narrow niche fallacy: a tale of scale-feeding fishes.
Specialized specialists and the narrow niche fallacy: a tale of scale-feeding fishes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rsos.171581
复制
发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Summers AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kolmann MA;Huie JM;Evans K;Summers AP
尽管在 30000 种现存鱼类中这种情况很少见，但规模化饲养作为一种生态策略在硬骨鱼生命之树中不断演变。食鳞（鳞食性）鱼类在生态、行为和以同域物种的鳞片和粘液为食的特殊形态方面具有多样性。尽管存在这种多样性，但人们对鳞食性鱼类相关摄食形态的功能和生物力学特性的潜在个体发生变化知之甚少。我们研究了两种鳞食性鱼类进化谱系的摄食机制的个体发育：Roeboides（一种鲹鱼）和 Catoprion（一种食人鱼）。我们将这两种鳞食类群与它们最近的非食鳞类群进行比较，以确定鳞食类鱼类的共同特征。我们结合使用微型计算机断层扫描和碘染色来测量进食行为的生物力学预测因子，例如牙齿形状、颌杆力学和颌肌肉组织。我们恢复了鳞食类群和非鳞食类群的摄食形态之间的鲜明对比，鳞食性鱼类在成年期都表现出一些幼体特征。除了高度改良的粗壮牙列之外，食鳞性鲹鱼和食人鱼之间几乎没有共同的特征。鉴于发育、形态和行为的这种变异性，食鳞鱼类的生态多样性被低估了。
Although rare within the context of 30 000 species of extant fishes, scale-feeding as an ecological strategy has evolved repeatedly across the teleost tree of life. Scale-feeding (lepidophagous) fishes are diverse in terms of their ecology, behaviour, and specialized morphologies for grazing on scales and mucus of sympatric species. Despite this diversity, the underlying ontogenetic changes in functional and biomechanical properties of associated feeding morphologies in lepidophagous fishes are less understood. We examined the ontogeny of feeding mechanics in two evolutionary lineages of scale-feeding fishes: Roeboides, a characin, and Catoprion, a piranha. We compare these two scale-feeding taxa with their nearest, non-lepidophagous taxa to identify traits held in common among scale-feeding fishes. We use a combination of micro-computed tomography scanning and iodine staining to measure biomechanical predictors of feeding behaviour such as tooth shape, jaw lever mechanics and jaw musculature. We recover a stark contrast between the feeding morphology of scale-feeding and non-scale-feeding taxa, with lepidophagous fishes displaying some paedomorphic characters through to adulthood. Few traits are shared between lepidophagous characins and piranhas, except for their highly-modified, stout dentition. Given such variability in development, morphology and behaviour, ecological diversity within lepidophagous fishes has been underestimated.