The top 100 questions of importance to the future of global agriculture
The top 100 questions of importance to the future of global agriculture
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DOI：
10.3763/ijas.2010.0534
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Pilgrim, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pretty, Jules;Sutherland, William J.;Pilgrim, Sarah
尽管在过去的半个世纪里粮食生产有了显著的增长，但当今社会面临的最重要的挑战之一是如何养活预计到20世纪中期将达到90亿的人口。为了在不大幅提高价格的情况下满足预期的粮食需求，据估计，鉴于气候变化的影响日益严重、对能源安全的关切、区域饮食结构的变化以及到2015年将世界贫困和饥饿人口减半的千年发展目标，我们需要增加70%至100%的粮食产量。农业部门的目标不再仅仅是最大限度地提高生产力，而是在生产、农村发展、环境、社会正义和粮食消费结果等更为复杂的领域实现优化。然而，在制定国家和国际政策以支持广泛出现更可持续的土地使用和高效农业生产方面，仍然存在重大挑战。科学家、从业人员和决策者之间缺乏信息交流，这一点众所周知会加剧困难，尽管人们越来越强调循证政策。在本文中，我们试图通过确定全球农业的100个最重要的问题来改善农业研究和政策之间的对话和理解。这些报告是与世界各地主要农业组织的主要专家和代表一起采用前景扫描方法汇编的。其目的是利用可靠的科学证据为决策提供信息，并指导政策制定者确定农业研究优先事项和政策支持的未来方向。如果这些问题得到解决，我们预计将对全球农业实践产生重大影响，同时改善农业政策，实践和研究之间的协同作用。这项研究是英国政府的全球食品和农业未来项目的一部分。
Despite a significant growth in food production over the past half-century, one of the most important challenges facing society today is how to feed an expected population of some nine billion by the middle of the 20th century. To meet the expected demand for food without significant increases in prices, it has been estimated that we need to produce 70-100 per cent more food, in light of the growing impacts of climate change, concerns over energy security, regional dietary shifts and the Millennium Development target of halving world poverty and hunger by 2015. The goal for the agricultural sector is no longer simply to maximize productivity, but to optimize across a far more complex landscape of production, rural development, environmental, social justice and food consumption outcomes. However, there remain significant challenges to developing national and international policies that support the wide emergence of more sustainable forms of land use and efficient agricultural production. The lack of information flow between scientists, practitioners and policy makers is known to exacerbate the difficulties, despite increased emphasis upon evidence-based policy. In this paper, we seek to improve dialogue and understanding between agricultural research and policy by identifying the 100 most important questions for global agriculture. These have been compiled using a horizon-scanning approach with leading experts and representatives of major agricultural organizations worldwide. The aim is to use sound scientific evidence to inform decision making and guide policy makers in the future direction of agricultural research priorities and policy support. If addressed, we anticipate that these questions will have a significant impact on global agricultural practices worldwide, while improving the synergy between agricultural policy, practice and research. This research forms part of the UK Government's Foresight Global Food and Farming Futures project.