The scaling of seismic energy with moment: Simple models compared with observations
The scaling of seismic energy with moment: Simple models compared with observations
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地震能量随力矩的缩放：简单模型与观测结果的比较
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Hofstetter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Walter;K. Mayeda;R. Gök;A. Hofstetter
小地震和大地震之间的比例关系仍然是地震学中一个悬而未决的问题。主要的假设是破裂过程是自相似的，导致预测的震源参数，如视应力是相同的所有地震。随着数字宽带数据的广泛使用，一些已发表的实证研究对自相似性提出了挑战，尽管证据仍然不一。使用简单的点源模型在时域和频域中，我们回顾了预测的标度行为的地震能量和其他源参数，自相似和非自相似的假设。该模型显示，自相似标度导致一些可检验的假设，包括恒定的表观应力和谱形状的不变性下，一个特定的频率变换，无论真实的（也许是未知的）源时间函数。我们还回顾了测量误差所带来的问题，在确定地震能量和有限的震级范围内的事件在给定的研究回答缩放问题。为了解决这些问题，我们采用多种技术，1999年赫克托煤矿加州地震序列。对于两种区域波类型（直接Lg波和散射尾波），我们使用地震能量和震源形状不变性来检查谱缩放。结果表明，赫克托矿山序列具有非自相似的缩放与视应力增加的时刻约为MO 0.14。最后，我们简要介绍了四个一般的标度模型，一个自相似与高方差，其他非自相似，这似乎是一致的地震视应力行为，已观察到的日期。
The scaling between small and large earthquakes remains an unresolved issue in seismology. The predominant hypothesis is the rupture process is self-similar, leading to predictions that source parameters such as apparent stress are the same for all earthquakes. As digital broadband data has become widely available, a number of published empirical studies have challenged self-similarity, though the evidence remains mixed. Using simple point source models in the time and frequency domains, we review the predicted scaling behavior of earthquake energy and other source parameters, under self- and non-self-similar assumptions. The models show self-similar scaling leads to some testable hypotheses, including the constancy of apparent stress and the invariance of spectral shape under a particular frequency transformation, regardless of the true (and perhaps unknown) source time function. We also review the problems posed by measurement errors in determining seismic energy and the limited magnitude ranges of events within given studies to answering the scaling question. To address these problems we apply multiple techniques to the 1999 Hector Mine California earthquake sequence. For two regional wave types, direct Lg and scattered coda waves, we examine spectral scaling using both seismic energy, and source shape invariance. The results show the Hector Mine sequence exhibits non-self-similar scaling with apparent stress increasing with moment approximately as M o 0.14 . Finally we briefly present four general scaling models, one self-similar with high variance, the others non-self-similar, which appear to be consistent with the earthquake apparent stress behavior that has been observed to date.