Assessing the economic impact of an endemic disease: the case of mastitis
Assessing the economic impact of an endemic disease: the case of mastitis
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DOI：
10.20506/rst.36.1.2623
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
van der Voort, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hogeveen, H.;van der Voort, M.
世界上很大一部分资源用于生产动物产品。有效利用这些资源对改善社会福祉至关重要。地方性动物疾病降低了生产效率，因为它们需要更高水平的投入才能产生相同数量的产出，或者导致投入相同数量的产出降低。有病和无病的最佳生产水平因农场而异，并取决于不同的经济情况。鉴于这些困难，对地方病的经济影响进行准确的理论评估是一项挑战，因此，目前对地方病的经济评估方法是相当务实的。对于农场决策，总成本包括失败成本和预防成本。失败成本与生产损失（即产奶量下降、死亡率和淘汰）、治疗成本（即兽医治疗、药物和丢弃的牛奶）以及与疾病发生相关的其他资源的使用（即劳动力成本增加）有关。预防费用与设备、消耗品（如诊断和化学品）方面的预防措施以及使用其他资源预防疾病（如增加劳动力）有关。失效成本与预防成本之间存在替代关系。这意味着，为了使农场一级的利润最大化，在选择用于预防的资源数量时，应使总成本最小化。研究最多的动物生产中的地方病是乳腺炎。大多数关于乳腺炎的出版物仅评估失败成本，评估总成本和确定最佳预防水平的最佳方法的研究很少。未来的挑战在于研究能够帮助决策者建立地方病最佳预防水平的框架。
A large part of the world's resources are used to produce animal products. Efficient use of these resources is important to improve social well-being. Endemic animal diseases decrease production efficiency, because they require a higher level of input to produce the same amount of output or result in a lower output with the same amount of input. The optimal level of production with and without disease differs from farm to farm and depends on varying economic circumstances. Given these difficulties, making an accurate theoretical estimation of the economic impact of endemic diseases is challenging.Current approaches towards the economic assessment of endemic diseases are, therefore, quite pragmatic. For on-farm decision-making, the total costs consist of failure costs and preventive costs. Failure costs are associated with production losses (i.e. decreases in milk production, mortality and culling),treatment costs (i.e. veterinary treatment, drugs, and discarded milk) and the use of other resources associated with the occurrence of disease (i.e. increased labour costs). Preventive costs are associated with preventive measures in terms of equipment, consumables (e.g. diagnostics and chemicals) and the use of other resources to prevent diseases (i.e. increased labour). There is a substitution relationship between failure costs and preventive costs. That means that, in order to maximise profit at the farm level, the amount of resources invested in prevention should be chosen in such a way that total costs are minimised. The most studied endemic disease in animal production is mastitis. Most publications on mastitis only assess failure costs, and studies on assessing the total costs and best methods to determine an optimal level of prevention are scarce. Future challenges lie in researching frameworks that can assist decision-makers to establish optimal prevention levels for endemic diseases.