Levelling up: Global examples of reducing health inequalities.

Levelling up: Global examples of reducing health inequalities.
复制标题

DOI:
10.1177/14034948211022428
复制
发表时间:
2022-11
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Bambra, Clare
Bambra, Clare
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bambra, Clare

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

在社会经济地位、种族/族裔、性别、邻里贫困和其他社会不平等方面存在着严重的不平等。减少这些健康不平等和改善健康公平可以说是公共卫生的“圣杯”。本文通过介绍和分析历史上的例子来探讨这一问题,这些例子表明,在人口层面上,健康不平等现象已经得到了相当大的减少。五个全球性的例子,从20世纪50年代到2000年代:北欧社会民主福利国家从20世纪50年代到20世纪70年代;民权法案和战争的贫困在20世纪60年代美国;民主化在巴西在20世纪80年代;德国统一在20世纪90年代;和英国的健康不平等战略在21世纪00年代。福利国家的扩张,改善医疗保健的获得,并加强政治参与被确定为三个共同持有的“均衡器”,从而可以减少健康不平等的规模。文章最后认为,通过减少健康不平等来“提高”人口健康水平,需要长期制定宏观政策,积极针对健康的社会决定因素。
There are significant inequalities in health by socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, gender, neighbourhood deprivation and other axes of social inequality. Reducing these health inequalities and improving health equity is arguably the ‘holy grail’ of public health. This article engages with this quest by presenting and analysing historical examples of when sizeable population-level reductions in health inequalities have been achieved. Five global examples are presented ranging from the 1950s to the 2000s: the Nordic social democratic welfare states from the 1950s to the 1970s; the Civil Rights Acts and War on Poverty in 1960s USA; democratisation in Brazil in the 1980s; German reunification in the 1990s; and the English health inequalities strategy in the 2000s. Welfare state expansion, improved health care access, and enhanced political incorporation are identified as three commonly held ‘levellers’ whereby health inequalities can be reduced – at scale. The article concludes by arguing that ‘levelling up’ population health through reducing health inequalities requires the long-term enactment of macro-level policies that aggressively target the social determinants of health.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j3310
发表时间: 2017-07-26
期刊: BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子: --
作者:
Barr B;Higgerson J;Whitehead M
通讯作者: Whitehead M
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0834-2
发表时间: 2017-01-01
影响因子: 2.3
作者:
Krieger, Nancy;Jahn, Jaquelyn L.;Waterman, Pamela D.
通讯作者: Waterman, Pamela D.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050046
发表时间: 2008-02-01
期刊: PLOS MEDICINE
影响因子: 15.8
作者:
Krieger, Nancy;Rehkopf, David H.;Kennedy, Malinda
通讯作者: Kennedy, Malinda
DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.102103
发表时间: 2011-09-01
影响因子: 6.3
作者:
Bambra, Clare
通讯作者: Bambra, Clare
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g3231
发表时间: 2014-05-27
期刊: BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子: --
作者:
Barr B;Bambra C;Whitehead M
通讯作者: Whitehead M