On-farm rainwater and crop management for improving productivity of rainfed areas
On-farm rainwater and crop management for improving productivity of rainfed areas
复制标题
农场雨水和作物管理可提高雨养地区的生产力
DOI：
10.1016/0378-3774(96)01247-4
复制
发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
J. Chaudhary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Rathore;A. Pal;R. Sahu;J. Chaudhary
水资源短缺是印度中央邦东部传统雨养水稻种植区采用现代技术提高生产力的一个关键限制。缺水的原因是降雨分布不均、降雨事件与田间水损失之间存在巨大差距，而不是季节性或年度降雨总量偏低。缓解这一限制的一个可行策略是在雨季在农场池塘中收集多余的雨水，并通过采用合适的作物和耕作系统，在雨季（作为防止干旱）和旱季使用保存的水进行作物生产。一块 1.05 公顷的田地（其上使用 0.09 公顷的面积建造了一个农场池塘）的水平衡结果表明，28-37% 的季节性降雨可作为微集水区（0.66 公顷种植大豆、花生和木豆）的地表径流用于收集在池塘中。这足以使 0.30 公顷面积（田地下部）的水稻免受干旱胁迫，并足以在雨季作物收获后的雨季后种植鹰嘴豆和芥菜（0.90 公顷）。雨季在微流域种植的大豆、花生和木豆，在蒸散量（E）和深层渗滤（P）中分别利用了371-726、364-733和535-920毫米水。池塘下方种植的水稻在不同季节需要 28-317 毫米的水，以保护作物免受季节性干旱胁迫，这种胁迫通常发生在营养和生殖阶段。不同季节水稻需水量(E,+P)为816~1342毫米。雨季大豆、花生和水稻后的剩余土壤湿度（172-203毫米）足以支持雨季后的鹰嘴豆和芥菜作物。然而，雨季作物收获后，土壤表层的水分流失很快（7-23毫米），因此需要少量灌溉（21-45毫米），以便在雨季后种植鹰嘴豆和芥菜。大豆芥菜、花生芥菜和花生鹰嘴豆的水分平衡结果与大豆鹰嘴豆种植几乎相同。同样，米芥菜的水平衡与通讯作者相同。变性土中的稻鹰嘴豆。大豆-芥菜和水稻-鹰嘴豆是农场池塘微流域和服务区的合适且经济的种植系统。
Scarcity of water is a critical limitation to adoption of modern technology for increasing productivity of traditional rainfed rice growing areas of eastern Madhya Pradesh, India. The shortage of water results from uneven distribution of rains, significant gaps between rain events and field water losses rather than from low seasonal or annual rainfall totals. A feasible strategy to alleviate this limitation is to harvest excess rainwater in a farm pond during the wet season and use the conserved water for crop production in both wet (as insurance against drought) and dry seasons by adopting suitable crop and cropping systems. The results of water balance in a 1.05 ha field, on which a farm pond was built using 0.09 ha area, showed that 28–37% of seasonal rainfall was available as surface runoff from microcatchment (0.66 ha growing soybean, peanut and pigeonpea) for collection in the pond. This was sufficient for saving rice in a 0.30 ha area (in the lower side of the field) from drought stress, and for establishment of chickpea and mustard (in 0.90 ha) in the post-rainy season after harvest of rainy season crops. Soybean, peanut and pigeonpea, grown in the microcatchment during the rainy season, utilized respectively 371–726, 364–733 and 535–920 mm water in evapotranspiration (E,) and deep percolation (P). Rice grown below the pond required 28–317 mm water in different seasons to save the crop from in-season drought stress which commonly occurred during vegetative and reproductive stages. Water requirement (E, + P) of rice was 816–1342 mm in different seasons. Residual soil moisture after rainy season soybean, peanut and rice was sufficient (172–203 mm) to support post rainy season crops of chickpea and mustard. However, the losses of moisture from the soil surface layer after harvest of rainy season crops were rapid (7–23 mm), which necessitated a light irrigation (21–45 mm) for establishment of chickpea and mustard in the post-rainy season. The water balance results of soybean-mustard, peanut-mustard and peanut-chickpea were near identical to soybean-chickpea cropping. Similarly the water balance of rice-mustard was identical to Corresponding author. rice-chickpea in the vertisols. Soybean-mustard and rice-chickpea were the suitable and economical cropping systems for the microcatchment and service area of the farm pond.