Tobacco Nitrate and Free Radical Levels in the Mainstream Smoke of US Cigarette Brands.
Tobacco Nitrate and Free Radical Levels in the Mainstream Smoke of US Cigarette Brands.
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美国卷烟品牌主流烟雾中的烟草硝酸盐和自由基水平。
DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00355
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Richie,JohnP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mocniak,LeanneE;Trushin,Neil;Bitzer,ZacharyT;Prabhu,Prital;Richie,JohnP
已知烟草硝酸盐水平会影响吸烟过程中产生的多环芳烃和烟草特有的亚硝胺（TSNAs）等有毒物质的水平。我们小组最近的工作表明，单个烟草品种中固有的硝酸盐水平也对单一烟草品种生产的卷烟主流烟气中气相（GP）自由基的形成有很大的影响。由于烟草硝酸盐含量是未来监管政策的潜在目标，我们调查了市售卷烟烟雾中GP自由基的水平是否也取决于相应烟草混合物中的硝酸盐含量。用电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱法测定了美国25种流行卷烟品牌主流烟气中GP和颗粒相（PP）的自由基产率。对于每个品牌，我们还通过HPLC-MS测量了TSNA NNN（N′-亚硝基去甲烟碱）和NNK（4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮）的水平，并通过GC-FID测量了尼古丁含量。我们的研究结果表明，内在硝酸盐水平变化>15倍，GP自由基变化4倍之间的25个品牌的测试。GP自由基与内源性硝酸盐水平相关（r= 0.87，p < 0.001）。NNK和NNN水平分别变化>8倍和12倍。NNK与硝酸盐含量呈中度相关（r= 0.42，p = 0.03），NNN与硝酸盐含量呈高度相关（r= 0.65，p < 0.001）。尼古丁水平变化最小（<3倍），但与硝酸盐含量呈中度负相关（r=-0.47，p = 0.02）。主流烟气中尼古丁和TSNA水平之间没有统计学显著相关性。总体而言，这表明美国卷烟品牌中使用的烟草混合物的硝酸盐含量影响主流烟雾中的有毒物质输出，尽管其他专有变量（总通风量，添加剂，过滤嘴类型等）也可以调节这些结果。
Tobacco nitrate levels have been known to impact the levels of toxicants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) produced during smoking. Recent work in our group showed that the intrinsic nitrate levels in individual tobacco varieties also have a large influence on the formation of gas-phase (GP) free radicals in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes produced with a single tobacco variety. As tobacco nitrate content is a potential target for future regulatory policies, we investigated whether the levels of GP free radicals in the smoke from commercially available cigarettes is also dependent on the nitrate content in the corresponding tobacco blends. GP and particulate-phase (PP) free radical yields in mainstream smoke produced from 25 popular US cigarette brands were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. For each brand, we also measured levels of the TSNAs NNN (N′-nitrosonornicotine) and NNK (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) via HPLC-MS and the nicotine content via GC-FID. Our results show that the intrinsic nitrate levels varied >15-fold and GP radicals varied 4-fold among the 25 brands tested. The GP radicals were correlated with intrinsic nitrate levels (r= 0.87,p< 0.001). NNK and NNN levels varied >8-fold and 12-fold, respectively. We found that NNK was moderately correlated to nitrate content (r= 0.42,p= 0.03) while the NNN was strongly correlated to the nitrate content (r= 0.65,p< 0.001). Nicotine levels varied the least (<3-fold) but showed a moderate negative correlation to nitrate content (r= −0.47,p= 0.02). No statistically significant correlation was observed between nicotine and TSNA levels in mainstream smoke. Overall, this demonstrates that the nitrate content of tobacco blends used in US cigarette brands impacts toxicant output in the mainstream smoke, although other proprietary variables (total ventilation, additives, filter type, etc.) may also modulate these results.