AGE STRUCTURE POPULATION DYNAMICS AND VECTOR POTENTIAL OF PHLEBOTOMUS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA .2. FIELD POPULATION DYNAMICS AND NATURAL FLAGELLATE INFECTIONS IN PAROUS FEMALES
AGE STRUCTURE POPULATION DYNAMICS AND VECTOR POTENTIAL OF PHLEBOTOMUS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA .2. FIELD POPULATION DYNAMICS AND NATURAL FLAGELLATE INFECTIONS IN PAROUS FEMALES
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DOI：
10.1093/jmedent/5.3.273
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发表时间：
1968-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
ANDERSON, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CHANIOTIS, BN;ANDERSON, JR
加州已知的三种白蛉利用一种大型地松鼠（Citellus beecheyi）的洞穴作为繁殖和白天休息的场所。在1965年，有3个年度的领域世代与成人正在积极从5月至11月。它们的年度人口在这一时期的中期达到顶峰，并与第二代成年人的出现相吻合。成虫主要在黄昏和夜间进行地上活动。虽然这样的成人活动与传播，喂养和可能的交配，结果表明，喂养和交配的苍蝇也可能发生在洞穴在白天。现场捕获的经产鞭毛虫表明，有些苍蝇存活时间长到足以吸食第二次血餐，但捕获的这种鞭毛虫的百分比很小，这也表明每代吸血活动的持续时间很短。v. occidents强烈暗示该物种作为原生动物感染其1种自然宿主的中间宿主。中肠中存在crithidial形式表明脊椎动物宿主中的锥虫感染。锥虫没有从一些爬行动物中分离出来，但所有的研究表明，最可能的脊椎动物宿主是一种爬行动物或无尾类，这些苍蝇的饲料。由于蝇类感染局限于后部，而且由于寄生虫在进食时从肛门排出小飞沫，脊椎动物宿主必须通过伤口污染或通过侵入性感染的蝇类获得感染。
The 3 known species of sandflies in California use burrows of a large ground squirrel,Citellus beecheyi, as breeding and diurnal resting sites. In 1965 there were 3 annual field generations with adults being active from May-November. Their annual population peaked near the middle of this period and coincided with emergence of the second adult generation. Adults were primarily crepuscular and nocturnal in their above-ground activities. Although such adult activities were associated with dispersal, feeding and probably mating, the results suggest that feeding and mating of flies also may occur within burrows during the day. Field capture of parous ♀♀ showed that some flies survived long enough to take a second blood meal, but the small percentages of such ♀♀ captured also indicated die short duration of each generation's blood-sucking activities.Flagellate infections in only parous or gravid ♀♀ ofP. v. occidentisstrongly implies that this species serves as an intermediate host of a protozoan infecting 1 of its natural hosts. The presence of crithidial forms in the midgut indicates a trypanosome infection in the vertebrate host. Trypanosomes were not isolated from a number of reptiles examined, but all studies indicate that the most probable vertebrate host is a species of reptile or anuran on which these flies feed. As fly infections were confined to the posterior station, and because the ♀♀ excrete small droplets from the anus while feeding, the vertebrate host must acquire its infection either by contamination of a wound or by ingesting infected flies.