Do sexually selected weapons drive diversification?
Do sexually selected weapons drive diversification?
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.14212
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Z. Emberts;J. Wiens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Emberts;J. Wiens
人们通常认为性选择会促进物种形成。这种期望很大程度上是由于性选择特征可以影响交配模式并导致生殖隔离这一事实。事实上，一些比较研究表明，具有性选择特征的进化枝提高了物种形成和多样化的速度。然而，这些研究几乎完全集中在一种性选择机制上：女性选择。另一种普遍存在的机制是雄性之间的竞争。很少有实证研究（如果有的话）调查这种替代机制在推动多元化方面的作用。然而，最近的评论表明，雄性之间的竞争可以增加物种形成率。在这里，我们研究了与交配前雄性竞争（即性选择武器）相关的特征是否促进了昆虫的物种形成和多样化。我们重点研究了三个具有武器和合适系统发育的分支：叶足和宽头昆虫（Coreidae + Alydidae；〜2850种），竹节虫及其近缘植物（Phasmatodea；〜3284种）和圣甲虫（Scarabaeoidea；〜39,717种）。我们没有发现任何证据表明这些进化枝中携带武器的谱系比无武器的亲属具有更高的物种形成率或多样化率。因此，我们的结果表明，交配前的雄性-雄性竞争可能不会对昆虫的物种形成和多样化产生强烈的、普遍的影响，昆虫类群涵盖了所有描述物种的~60%。
Sexual selection is often thought to promote speciation. This expectation is largely driven by the fact that sexually selected traits can influence mating patterns and contribute to reproductive isolation. Indeed, some comparative studies have shown that clades with sexually selected traits have increased rates of speciation and diversification. However, these studies have almost exclusively focused on one mechanism of sexual selection: female choice. Another widespread mechanism is male‐male competition. Few empirical studies (if any) have investigated the role of this alternative mechanism in driving diversification. Nevertheless, recent reviews have suggested that male‐male competition can increase speciation rates. Here, we investigated whether traits associated with precopulatory male–male competition (i.e., sexually selected weapons) have promoted speciation and diversification in insects. We focused on three clades with both weapons and suitable phylogenies: leaf‐footed and broad‐headed bugs (Coreidae+Alydidae; ∼2850 species), stick insects and relatives (Phasmatodea; ∼3284 species), and scarab beetles (Scarabaeoidea; ∼39,717 species). We found no evidence that weapon‐bearing lineages in these clades have higher rates of speciation or diversification than their weaponless relatives. Thus, our results suggest that precopulatory male‐male competition may not have strong, general effects on speciation and diversification in insects, a group encompassing ∼60% of all described species.