The 1891-1920 birth cohort of Quebec Chrysotile miners and millers: Development from 1904 and mortality to 1992
The 1891-1920 birth cohort of Quebec Chrysotile miners and millers: Development from 1904 and mortality to 1992
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DOI：
10.1016/s0003-4878(96)00044-0
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McDonald, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liddell, FDK;McDonald, AD;McDonald, JC
本文汇集了死亡率的经验，约11 000名男性魁北克温石棉矿工和米莱尔，报告间隔自1971年以来，现在再次更新。在全部10918名男性中，有1138人失踪，几乎所有人在1935年前只工作了一两个月后就再也没有被追踪到;其他9780人被追踪到1992年。其中，已知有8 009人（82%）死亡：657人死于肺癌，38人死于间皮瘤，1 205人死于其他恶性疾病，108人死于肺尘埃沉着病，561人死于其他非恶性呼吸道疾病（不包括肺结核）。经过早期的波动，自1945年以来，相对于魁北克利率的SMR（所有原因）一直相当稳定。对于第一次受雇于阿斯彭、矿山或工厂的男性来说，他们非常符合蓝领人群的预期，没有任何危险的暴露。特福德矿区的SMR几乎高出8%，但与有关社会经济地位的轶事证据一致。在暴露量低于300（每立方英尺百万个粒子）×年（mcf.y），相当于大约1000（纤维/毫升）×年，或者说，在20世纪40年代的80（纤维/毫升）×年，结果如下。无论是对所有死亡原因还是对检查的所有特定癌症部位，暴露程度和SMR之间都没有明显的关联。胃癌、其他腹部癌、喉癌和肺癌的平均SMR分别为1.07（所有原因）、1.16、0.93、1.03和1.21。在146名死于尘肺病或间皮瘤的人中，受辐射量低于300百万立方英尺/年的男子几乎占一半;消除这两种原因将使这些男子的SMR（所有原因）从1.07降至约1.06。因此，从死亡率的角度可以得出结论，该行业中暴露于低于300百万立方英尺/年的空气中基本上是无害的，尽管存在肺尘埃沉着病或间皮瘤的小风险。然而，较高的照射量导致各种原因造成的死亡率以及肺癌和胃癌的死亡率过高，而且随着照射量的增加而增加，但这种照射量至少为300百万立方英尺/年，比多年来所看到的任何照射量都要严重几个数量级。吸烟的影响比粉尘暴露的影响更有害，不仅对肺癌（每天吸烟20支以上的吸烟者的SMR比不吸烟者高4.6倍），而且对胃癌（高2.0倍），喉癌（高2.9倍），最重要的是对所有原因（高1.6倍）。(C)1997年英国职业卫生学会。
This paper draws together the mortality experience for a cohort of some 11 000 male Quebec Chrysotile miners and millers, reported at intervals since 1971 and now again updated. Of the 10 918 men in the complete cohort, 1138 were lost to view, almost all never traced after employment of only a month or two before 1935; the other 9780 men were traced into 1992. Of these, 8009 (82%) are known to have died: 657 from lung cancer, 38 from mesotheliona, 1205 from other malignant disease, 108 from pneumoconiosis and 561 from other non-malignant respiratory diseases (excluding tuberculosis). After early fluctuations, SMRs (all causes) against Quebec rates have been reasonably steady since about 1945. For men first employed in Asbestos, mine or factory, they were very much what might have been expected for a blue collar population without any hazardous exposure. SMRs in the Thetford Mines area were almost 8% higher, but in line with anecdotal evidence concerning socio-economic status. At exposures below 300 (million particles per cubic foot) x years, (mpcf.y), equivalent to roughly 1000 (fibres/ml)x years-or, say, 10 years in the 1940s at 80 (fibres/ml)-findings were as follows. There were no discernible associations of degree of exposure and SMRs, whether for all causes of death or for all the specific cancer sites examined. The average SMRs were 1.07 (all causes), and 1.16, 0.93, 1.03 and 1.21, respectively, for gastric, other abdominal, laryngeal and lung cancer. Men whose exposures were less then 300 mpcf.y suffered almost one-half of the 146 deaths from pneumoconiosis or mesothelioma; the elimination of these two causes would have reduced these men's SMR (all causes) from 1.07 to approximately 1.06. Thus it is concluded from the viewpoint of mortality that exposure in this industry to less than 300 mpcf.y has been essentially innocuous, although there was a small risk or pneumoconiosis or mesothelioma. Higher exposures have, however, led to excesses, increasing with degree of exposure, of mortality from all causes, and from lung cancer and stomach cancer, but such exposures, of at least 300 mpcf.y, are several orders of magnitude more severe than any that have been seen for many years. The effects of cigarette smoking were much more deleterious than those of dust exposure, not only for lung cancer (the SMR for smokers of 20+ cigarettes a day being 4.6 times higher than that for non-smokers), but also for stomach cancer (2.0 times higher), laryngeal cancer (2.9 times higher), and-most importantly-for all causes (1.6 times higher). (C) 1997 British Occupational Hygiene Society.