The role of practice and automaticity in temporal and nontemporal dual-task performance
The role of practice and automaticity in temporal and nontemporal dual-task performance
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DOI：
10.1007/s004260100076
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bennett, ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, SW;Bennett, ED
时间和注意力的研究表明，一个nontemporal任务可能会干扰并发计时任务，使时间判断更短，更多变，和/或更不准确的时间相比，只有计时条件。Brown（1998，Psychological Research，61，71-81）通过对被试进行非时间任务的自动性训练来抵消干扰效应，以减少任务所需的加工资源量。这种做法减少了对时间的干扰。设计了两个新的实验来复制和扩展以前的发现。受试者在单任务（仅计时）和双任务（计时加非时间任务）条件下产生了一系列5秒时间产出。非时间任务是追踪转子跟踪（实验1），和镜像反转阅读（实验2）。我们采用了前测-练习-后测的范式，练习环节致力于非时间任务的执行。前后测的比较表明，在两个实验中，练习减少了对时间的干扰。在练习期间进行双任务探测试验，以追踪时间改善的时间过程。结果表明，即使是少量的练习，时间上的干扰也会减少。研究结果支持的想法，时间是非常敏感的注意资源分配的变化。
Research on time and attention shows that a nontemporal task may interfere with a concurrent timing task by making time judgments shorter, more variable, and/or more inaccurate compared to timing-only conditions. Brown (1998, Psychological Research, 61, 71-81) counteracted the interference effect by giving subjects automaticity training on a nontemporal task to reduce the amount of processing resources the task required. Such practice attenuated interference in timing. Two new experiments were designed to replicate and extend the previous findings. Subjects generated a series of 5-s temporal productions under single-task (timing only) and dual-task (timing plus nontemporal task) conditions. The nontemporal tasks were pursuit rotor tracking (Experiment 1), and mirror-reversed reading (Experiment 2). We employed a pretest-practice-posttest paradigm, with the practice sessions devoted to performance of the nontemporal task. Pretest-posttest comparisons showed that practice reduced interference in timing in both experiments. Dual-task probe trials were given during the practice sessions to trace the time course of the improvement in timing. The results showed that interference in timing was reduced with even small amounts of practice. The findings support the idea that timing is very sensitive to changes in the allocation of attentional resources.