Autotaxin (ATX): a multi-functional and multi-modular protein possessing enzymatic lysoPLD activity and matricellular properties.
Autotaxin (ATX): a multi-functional and multi-modular protein possessing enzymatic lysoPLD activity and matricellular properties.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.04.009
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发表时间：
2008-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Larra M. Yuelling;B. Fuss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Larra M. Yuelling;B. Fuss
最近的研究已经确定，自分泌运动因子（ATX），也称为磷酸二酯酶Iα/自分泌运动因子（PD-Iα/ATX）或（外）核苷酸焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶2 [（E）NPP 2]，代表多功能和多模块蛋白。ATX最初被认为仅作为磷酸二酯酶/焦磷酸酶起作用。然而，已经变得明显的是，该酶活性位点介导溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）向溶血磷脂酸（LPA）的转化，该酶活性位点最终负责ATX最初发现的肿瘤细胞运动性刺激的性质。此外，在分析ATX在中枢神经系统（CNS）的髓鞘形成细胞（即少突胶质细胞）分化过程中的作用的研究中发现了单独的功能活性结构域，这里称为少突胶质细胞重塑和粘着斑组织（MORFO）结构域的调节剂。这个新的结构域被发现介导抗粘附，即matricellular，属性和促进少突胶质细胞的形态成熟。在这篇综述中，我们总结了我们目前对ATX的结构-功能域的理解，并讨论了它们对ATX目前已知的主要功能作用的贡献。
Recent studies have established that autotaxin (ATX), also known as phosphodiesterase Iα/autotaxin (PD-Iα/ATX) or (ecto)nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 [(E)NPP2], represents a multi-functional and multi-modular protein. ATX was initially thought to function exclusively as a phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase. However, it has become apparent that this enzymatically active site, which is ultimately responsible for ATX's originally discovered property of tumor cell motility stimulation, mediates the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In addition, a separate functionally active domain, here referred to as the Modulator of Oligodendrocyte Remodeling and Focal adhesion Organization (MORFO) domain, was discovered in studies analyzing the role of ATX during the differentiation of myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), namely oligodendrocytes. This novel domain was found to mediate anti-adhesive, i.e. matricellular, properties and to promote morphological maturation of oligodendrocytes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of ATX's structure–function domains and discuss their contribution to the presently known main functional roles of ATX.