Exercise effects on systemic immunity
Exercise effects on systemic immunity
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运动对全身免疫力的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-5-.x
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
D. Nieman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Nieman
剧烈运动对机体免疫功能有急性和慢性影响。在静息状态下，运动员和非运动员的免疫系统更相似，而不是不同，除了NK细胞活性，运动员的NK细胞活性往往会升高。免疫系统的许多组成部分在长时间的剧烈运动后表现出不利的变化。这些免疫变化发生在免疫系统和身体的几个区室（例如皮肤、上呼吸道粘膜组织、肺、血液和肌肉）。尽管仍有待解释，但大多数运动免疫学家认为，在免疫受损的“开放窗口”期间（可能持续3至72小时，取决于免疫措施），病毒和细菌可能会站稳脚跟，增加亚临床和临床感染的风险。当存在与免疫功能相关的其他因素时，感染风险可能会被放大，包括在旅行期间接触新的病原体，睡眠不足，严重的精神压力，营养不良或体重减轻。
Heavy exertion has acute and chronic influences on systemic immunity. In the resting state, the immune systems of athletes and non‐athletes are more similar than disparate with the exception of NK cell activity, which tends to be elevated in athletes. Many components of the immune system exhibit adverse change after prolonged, heavy exertion. These immune changes occur in several compartments of the immune system and body (e.g. the skin, upper respiratory tract mucosal tissue, lung, blood and muscle). Although still open to interpretation, most exercise immunologists believe that during this ‘open window’ of impaired immunity (which may last between 3 and 72 h, depending on the immune measure) viruses and bacteria may gain a foothold, increasing the risk of subclinical and clinical infection. The infection risk may be amplified when other factors related to immune function are present, including exposure to novel pathogens during travel, lack of sleep, severe mental stress, malnutrition or weight loss.