Ion channels in microbes.
Ion channels in microbes.
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DOI：
10.1152/physrev.00005.2008
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发表时间：
2008-10
影响因子：
33.6
通讯作者：
Kung, Ching
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinac, Boris;Saimi, Yoshiro;Kung, Ching
长期以来，离子通道的研究一直被动物中心主义（如果不是以动物为中心的生理学观点的话）所主导。然而，离子通道的结构和活性在地球上复杂的多细胞生物出现之前很久就已经进化了。原核生物细胞膜上存在的离子通道的多样性就是一个很好的例子。虽然一开始，我们对真核生物离子通道结构的了解大多是基于细菌通道的结构，这似乎是一个悖论，但考虑到所有生物体的进化相关性以及微生物细胞在实验室环境中对生物大分子结构研究的适用性，这并不奇怪。人类以及各种微生物、植物和动物有机体的基因组序列明确地建立了进化联系，而在过去十年中发表的主要类型离子通道结构的晶体学研究清楚地表明了使用微生物作为实验生物体的优势。这篇综述的目的不仅是提供对微生物离子通道的现有知识的说明，而且还表明微生物及其离子通道的研究也可能是解决未来未解决的分子之谜的关键。
Studies of ion channels have for long been dominated by the animalcentric, if not anthropocentric view of physiology. The structures and activities of ion channels had, however, evolved long before the appearance of complex multicellular organisms on Earth. The diversity of ion channels existing in cellular membranes of prokaryotes is a good example. Though at first it may appear as a paradox that most of what we know about the structure of eukaryotic ion channels is based on the structure of bacterial channels, this should not be surprising given the evolutionary relatedness of all living organisms and suitability of microbial cells for structural studies of biological macromolecules in a laboratory environment. Genome sequences of the human as well as various microbial, plant and animal organisms unambiguously established the evolutionary links, whereas crystallographic studies of the structures of major types of ion channels published over the last decade clearly demonstrated the advantage of using microbes as experimental organisms. The purpose of this review is not only to provide an account of acquired knowledge on microbial ion channels but also to show that the study of microbes and their ion channels may also hold a key to solving unresolved molecular mysteries in the future.
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