Avenues of reef-building coral acclimatization in response to rapid environmental change
Avenues of reef-building coral acclimatization in response to rapid environmental change
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.239319
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发表时间：
2021-02
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
H. Putnam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Putnam
摘要快速变化的气候通过在当前环境和适应历史条件的表型之间产生不匹配，对生物体适应性提出了挑战。适应机制对无柄底栖海洋生物类群，如造礁珊瑚可能特别重要，因为气候变化因素，包括海洋酸化和温度升高，会引起强烈的负面生理反应，如漂白、疾病和死亡。在这里，在多种压力威胁海洋生物的背景下，我描述了丰富的元生物反应机制，快速的海洋变化和生物体与环境的相互作用，可以产生可塑性的个体发育转变。然后，我强调需要考虑的相互作用的快速和进化的反应，在一个适应性（外显）遗传连续体。基于这些机制和连续体的定义，我还介绍了微生物组，表观遗传学和亲本效应的相互作用如何为快速适应创造额外的途径。考虑在什么条件下表观遗传具有更实质性的作用，我建议调查的配子发生的时间偏移导致不同的环境整合时间之间的卵子和精子和配子表观遗传相容性的后果。总的来说，非遗传的，但可遗传的表型可塑性将有显着的生态和进化意义的固着海洋生物在快速气候变化下的持久性。因此，造礁珊瑚提出了理想的和时间敏感的模型，以进一步发展我们对多玩家（epi）遗传连续体中自适应反馈回路的理解。摘要：造礁珊瑚正受到人为影响的威胁。珊瑚原生生物和珊瑚发育过程的伙伴为适应和适应气候变化提供了共生、表观遗传和遗传机制。
ABSTRACT The swiftly changing climate presents a challenge to organismal fitness by creating a mismatch between the current environment and phenotypes adapted to historic conditions. Acclimatory mechanisms may be especially crucial for sessile benthic marine taxa, such as reef-building corals, where climate change factors including ocean acidification and increasing temperature elicit strong negative physiological responses such as bleaching, disease and mortality. Here, within the context of multiple stressors threatening marine organisms, I describe the wealth of metaorganism response mechanisms to rapid ocean change and the ontogenetic shifts in organism interactions with the environment that can generate plasticity. I then highlight the need to consider the interactions of rapid and evolutionary responses in an adaptive (epi)genetic continuum. Building on the definitions of these mechanisms and continuum, I also present how the interplay of the microbiome, epigenetics and parental effects creates additional avenues for rapid acclimatization. To consider under what conditions epigenetic inheritance has a more substantial role, I propose investigation into the offset of timing of gametogenesis leading to different environmental integration times between eggs and sperm and the consequences of this for gamete epigenetic compatibility. Collectively, non-genetic, yet heritable phenotypic plasticity will have significant ecological and evolutionary implications for sessile marine organism persistence under rapid climate change. As such, reef-building corals present ideal and time-sensitive models for further development of our understanding of adaptive feedback loops in a multi-player (epi)genetic continuum. Summary: Reef-building corals are under threat from anthropogenic impacts. The partners of the coral holobiont and coral developmental process provide symbiotic, epigenetic and genetic mechanisms for acclimatization and adaptation to climate change.